6 years and standard deviation of 6 years. In total, 56.1% were females.

The study showed that the severe obese individuals (grade 3) suffer from poorer health-related QOL (HRQOL) compared to those of grades 1 and 2, as the increase in body mass index (BMI) lowers the HRQOL domains.
The study showed that the severe obese individuals (grade 3) suffer from poorer health-related QOL (HRQOL) compared to those of grades 1 and 2, as the increase in body mass index (BMI) lowers the HRQOL domains.
Several studies have reported that PD-L1 has shown therapeutic activity in various tumor types. However, its expression changes in a person on administration of NAC which is reported by very few studies.

To find out the difference in the expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells after the administration of NAC.

This prospective study was conducted on 30 patients who were diagnosed with locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC) between 2017 and 2019 and those who received NAC followed by surgery.

Breast cancer specimens were collected using core needle biopsy prior to administration of NAC and IHC was performed. Frequency and staining intensity of PD-L1 by tumor cells were analyzed. PD-L1 expression was dichotomized into two groups according to the frequency distributions of the H-scores.

The differences in expression of PD-L1 along with various parameters were analyzed using Chi-square test and Student's t test.

The mean age of the patients in our study was 51.37 ± 11.37 years. The response of NAC according to the RECIST criteria showed that most of patients (83.3%) showed complete response. selleck kinase inhibitor Of the 30 cases, 11 (36.7%) patients were PD-L1 positive before the administration of NAC. We found a significant change in expression from positive to negative status, i.e., seven patients changed from positive to negative (
= 0.036). Upon comparing the PD-L1 expression before NAC, significant association was observed between the primary tumor (T) and tumor stage with high PD-L1 expression (
= 0.020 and
= 0.034). After NAC, 18 (69.2%) patients who were ER positive and 18 (69.2%) patients who were PR positive showed negative PD-L1 expression while none of them were positive in PD-L1 positive patients (
= 0.018 and
= 0.018).

PD-L1 expression in a same person changes upon administration of NAC which may indirectly be used as a predictor of response to NAC.
PD-L1 expression in a same person changes upon administration of NAC which may indirectly be used as a predictor of response to NAC.
Outcome of care is an important measure of quality in health care and also provides input for healthcare planning. It is an indicator which can be used for comparing performance of various hospital/Institute.

Study intended to analyze the morbidity and mortality pattern among admitted patients with respect to selected hospital indices.

All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi.

A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in 93,223 patients admitted at AIIMS, New Delhi. Information provided in Management Information System (MIS) was used for analysing morbidity as per International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10.

Diseases related to the genitourinary system (14.25%) and neoplasms (14.18%) were the most common cause of admissions. Overall, predominance of adult age group (61.6%) followed by geriatric age group (20.5%) was observed. Male predominance was observed in diseases related to mental, behavioural, and neurodevelopmental disorders (89.2%). Overall, median length of stay was calculated to be 4 days (mean LOS-7 days), maximum for diseases related to mental, behavioural, and neurodevelopmental disorders (median 13 days). Gross and net death rate for admitted patients was calculated to be 4.3% and 3%, respectively, with maximum rate for diseases related to respiratory system (22.7% and 17%).

Analysis of morbidity and mortality in high volume tertiary care centers and segregation of the patients according to their ailment and disease behaviour helps in establishing priorities in healthcare delivery system and thus allocating limited resources accordingly.
Analysis of morbidity and mortality in high volume tertiary care centers and segregation of the patients according to their ailment and disease behaviour helps in establishing priorities in healthcare delivery system and thus allocating limited resources accordingly.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by the presence of persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities owing to significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. Restricted activities of daily living as a result of reduced pulmonary function or dyspnea, impair quality of life in such patients.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Lucknow with 250 COPD patients to assess their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using the St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method.

HRQOL of participants was significantly impaired. Employment status and airflow limitation severity of study participants had a statistically significant negative correlation whereas, duration since diagnosis of disease was seen to have a statistically significant positive correlation with SGRQ scores.

COPD deteriorated the quality of life of patients. The activity score was the most affected. Urban residents had a comparatively poor HRQOL.
COPD deteriorated the quality of life of patients. The activity score was the most affected. Urban residents had a comparatively poor HRQOL.
Atticoantral, alias unsafe type of CSOM affects the posterosuperior part of the middle ear cleft and is frequently coupled with complications and bony erosions. This study aimed to correlate the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) temporal bone and intraoperative findings in the patients with the unsafe type of CSOM.

This prospective study included 50 patients (28 males 22 females; mean age 24 ± 14 years) who presented with clinically suspected unsafe CSOM. All patients underwent HRCT of the temporal bone and subsequent surgical procedure. The intraoperative and histopathological findings were compared with HRCT findings. Descriptive statistics, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value for HRCT were calculated. Student's
-test and Chi-square test were performed.

Out of 50 patients, left, right, and bilateral ear involvement were seen in 42% (21/50), 38% (19/50), and 20% (10/50) patients, respectively. Ear discharge was the most common symptom (100%) followed by earache (66%), vertigo (16%), and tinnitus (14%), respectively.selleck kinase inhibitor