Maxence PoutordIf you find git confusing, I created this little cheat sheet! Please, note that I voluntary skipped the basic commands like git commit, git pull/push... This cheat sheet is intended for an "advanced" usage of git.
🧭 Navigation - Go to the previous branch
git checkout -
🔍 Get the history
# Log in one line
git log --oneline
# Retrieve all commits by message
# Here all commit that contain 'homepage'
git log --all --grep='homepage'
# Retrieve all commit by author
git log --author="Maxence"
🙈Ooops #1: I reseted an unwanted commit. How to rollback?
# Get everything you did
git reflog
# then reset to the desired commit (i.e. HEAD@{4})
git reset HEAD@{4}
# ...or...
git reset --hard <commit-sha1>
For more detail about this command, I wrote this post.
🤦♀️Ooops #2: I mixed-up with my local repo. How to clean it?
git fetch origin
git checkout master
git reset --hard origin/master
# You're now up-to-date with master!
🕵🏻♂️Difference between my branch and master
git diff master..my-branch
✔ Custom commits
# Edit last commit
git commit --amend -m "A better message"
# Add something to the last commit without writing message again
git add . && git commit --amend --no-edit
# empty commit - can be useful to re-trigger CI build...
git commit --allow-empty -m "chore: re-trigger build"
If you don't know what to put in your commit messages, I wrote a post about conventional commits.
♻️ Squash commits
Let say I want to rebase the last 3 commits:
git rebase -i HEAD~3- Leave the first "pick" and replace the rest by "
squash" (or "s") - Tidy up the commit message and save (
:wqin vi).
🎯Fixup
Let say I want to add something in the commit fed14a4c
git add .
git commit --fixup HEAD~1
# or replace HEAD~1 by the commit hash (fed14a4c)
git rebase -i HEAD~3 --autosquash
# save&quit the file (:wq in VI)
🕹Execute command on each commit when rebasing
For massives features, you might end up with a branch with a few commits inside. And then tests are failing and you want to identify the "guilty commit". You can use rebase --exec to execute a command on each commit of the history.
# Will run "npm test" command on the last 3 commit ❤️
git rebase HEAD~3 --exec "npm run test"
🦋Stash
Because it's not all about git stash and git stash pop ;)
# save all tracked files
git stash save "your message"
# list your stashes
git stash list
# retrieve stash and delete
git stash apply stash@{1}
git stash drop stash@{1}
# ... or in 1 command
git stash pop stash@{1}
🗑 Clean
# remove branches that no longer exist on remote
git fetch -p
# remove all branch that contains "greenkeeper"
git fetch -p && git branch --remote | fgrep greenkeeper | sed 's/^.\{9\}//' | xargs git push origin --delete
🐙 GitHub = Git + Hub
I use Hub as a wrapper for git. To enable it you've to set hub as an alias for git (alias git='hub').
# Open browser and go to the repository url (GitHub only)
git browse
Other commands are available here.
🦄 Bonus: my favourite git aliases
alias g='git'
alias glog='git log --oneline --decorate --graph'
alias gst='git status'
alias gp='git push'
alias ga='git add'
alias gc='git commit -v'
# 🤘
alias yolo='git push --force'
# useful for daily stand-up
git-standup() {
AUTHOR=${AUTHOR:="`git config user.name`"}
since=yesterday
if [[ $(date +%u) == 1 ]] ; then
since="2 days ago"
fi
git log --all --since "$since" --oneline --author="$AUTHOR"
}
And you, what's your favourite git command?
Thank you for taking the time to read this post. I hope you found it useful! If you liked it, please give it a ❤️ or a 🦄! Also, feel free to comment or ask questions in the section below or on Twitter @_maxpou :)
Originally published on maxpou.fr.
