4% vs. 36.4%, P=0.009), and subpleural line and pleural thickening were more likely to occur (50.0% vs. 25.0%, and 71.4% vs. 40.9%, P=0.030 and 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSION Elderly and younger patients with corona virus disease have some common CT features, but older patients are more likely to have extensive lung lobe involvement, and subpleural line and pleural thickening. These differentiated characteristics may be related to the progress and prognosis of the disease.Left atrial appendage (LAA) mechanical exclusion is being investigated for nonpharmacologic stroke risk reduction in selected patients with atrial fibrillation. There are multiple potential approaches in various stages of development and clinical application, each of which depends on specific cardiothoracic anatomic characteristics for optimal performance. Multiple imaging modalities can be utilized for application of this technology, with transesophageal echocardiography used for intraprocedural guidance. Cardiovascular computed tomographic angiography can act as a virtual patient avatar, allowing for the assessment of cardiac structures in the context of surrounding cardiac, coronary vascular, thoracic vascular, and visceral and skeletal anatomy, aiding preprocedural decision-making, planning, and follow-up. Although transesophageal echocardiography is used for intraprocedural guidance, computed tomographic angiography may be a useful adjunct for preprocedure assessment of LAA sizing and anatomic obstacles or contraindications to deployment, aiding in the assessment of optimal approaches. Potential approaches to LAA exclusion include endovascular occlusion, epicardial ligation, primary minimally invasive intercostal thoracotomy with thoracoscopic LAA ligation or appendectomy, and minimally invasive or open closure as part of cardiothoracic surgery for other indications. The goals of these procedures are complete isolation or exclusion of the entire appendage without leaving a residual appendage stump or residual flow with avoidance of acute or chronic damage to surrounding cardiovascular structures. The cardiovascular imager plays an important role in the preprocedural and postprocedural assessment of the patient undergoing LAA exclusion.Despite the availability of a number of oral and intravaginal antibiotic medications for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), management of this condition remains challenging. Recurrent BV occurs in >50% of patients receiving guideline-recommended treatments. This may be due to persistence or resurgence of the BV biofilm after treatment cessation, failure to re-establish an optimal vaginal microbiome after treatment, re-infection from an untreated sexual partner, or a combination of these factors. Non-adherence to multi-dose BV therapies may potentially contribute to recurrent BV, although there are no published data that directly assess the role of non-adherence to poor treatment outcomes and recurrent BV. There is a need for studies of BV treatment adherence in real-world settings as well as studies to explore the relationship between treatment adherence and recurrence. This review explores challenges associated with diagnosing and treating BV, current multi-dose antibiotic treatment options, newer single-dose treatment options, and ways to potentially maximize treatment success for this common vaginal infection.BACKGROUND Interpersonal trauma (IPT) is highly prevalent among HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals but its relationship with brain morphology and function is poorly understood. SETTING This cross-sectional analysis evaluated the associations of IPT with cognitive task performance, daily functioning, MRI brain cortical thickness and bilateral volumes of four selected basal ganglia (BG) regions in a US-based cohort of aviremic HIV+ individuals, with (HIV+IPT+) and without IPT exposure (HIV+IPT-), and socio-demographically matched HIV-negative controls with (HIV-IPT+) and without IPT exposure (HIV-IPT-). METHODS Enrollees completed brain MRI scans, a semi-structured psychiatric interview, a neurocognitive battery, and three measures of daily functioning. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the four groups were described, and pairwise between-group comparisons performed using chi-square tests, ANOVA, or t-tests. Linear or Poisson regressions evaluated relationships between group status and the outcomes of interest, in 6 pairwise comparisons, using Bonferroni correction for statistical significance. RESULTS Among 187 participants (mean age 50.0 years, 63% male, 64% non-White), 102 were HIV+IPT+, 35 HIV+IPT-, 26 HIV-IPT-, and 24 were HIV-IPT+. Compared to the remaining three groups, the HIV+IPT+ group had more Activities of Daily Living declines, higher number of impaired Patient's Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory scores, and lower cortical thickness in multiple cerebral regions. Temsirolimus ic50 Attention/working memory test performances were significantly better in HIV-IPT- compared to HIV+IPT+ and HIV+IPT- groups. BG MRI volumes were not significantly different in any between-group comparisons. CONCLUSION IPT exposure and HIV infection have a synergistic effect on daily functioning and cortical thickness in aviremic HIV+ individuals.BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the factors associated with NAFLD in persons living with HIV (PWH) and whether CVD is more frequent in PWH with NAFLD are currently unknown. METHODS From the Partners HealthCare Research Patient Data Registry, we identified PWH with and without NAFLD between 2010-2017. NAFLD was defined using validated histological or radiographic criteria. CVD was defined by an ICD-9 diagnosis of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, transient ischemic attack, or stroke and was confirmed by clinician review. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between NAFLD and CVD. RESULTS Compared with PWH without NAFLD (n=135), PWH with NAFLD (n=97) had higher body mass index and more frequently had hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and CVD (p less then 0.Temsirolimus ic50