Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Project Overview
3. Prerequisites
4. Step 1: Infrastructure Setup on AWS
   • 1.1 Setting Up the VPC and Networking
   • 1.2 Provisioning EC2 Instances
   • 1.3 Setting Up an RDS Database
5. Step 2: Installing and Configuring Jenkins
   • 2.1 Jenkins Installation
   • 2.2 Configuring Jenkins for GitHub Integration
   • 2.3 Setting Up Jenkins Pipelines
6. Step 3: Containerizing the Application with Docker
   • 3.1 Writing a Dockerfile
   • 3.2 Building and Pushing Docker Images
   • 3.3 Docker Compose for Local Development
7. Step 4: Deploying to Kubernetes (Amazon EKS)
   • 4.1 Setting Up the EKS Cluster
   • 4.2 Creating Kubernetes Manifests
   • 4.3 Deploying the Application on EKS
8. Step 5: Implementing Continuous Monitoring with Prometheus and Grafana
   • 5.1 Installing Prometheus
   • 5.2 Configuring Grafana Dashboards
   • 5.3 Setting Up Alerts
9. Step 6: Securing the CI/CD Pipeline
   • 6.1 Scanning for Vulnerabilities with Trivy
   • 6.2 Integrating SonarQube for Code Quality
10. Step 7: Automating Infrastructure with Terraform
    • 7.1 Writing Terraform Scripts
    • 7.2 Managing Infrastructure as Code
    • 7.3 Terraform State Management
11. Step 8: Implementing Blue-Green Deployments
    • 8.1 Setting Up Blue-Green Deployments
    • 8.2 Automating Traffic Shifts
    • 8.3 Rollback Strategies
12. Conclusion
13. Further Reading and Resources

Introduction

DevOps is about automating processes, improving collaboration between development and operations teams, and deploying software more quickly and reliably. This project guides you through the creation of a comprehensive CI/CD pipeline using industry-standard tools. You will deploy a full-stack application on AWS using Jenkins, Docker, Kubernetes (Amazon EKS), Prometheus, Grafana, Trivy, SonarQube, and Terraform. This hands-on experience will help you master key DevOps concepts and tools.

Project Diagram

  +------------------------+
  |   Developer Workstation |
  |                        |
  |  - Code Repository     |
  |  - Local Build & Test  |
  +-----------+------------+
              |
              v
  +------------------------+
  |        Jenkins         |
  |                        |
  |  - CI/CD Pipeline      |
  |  - Build & Test        |
  |  - Docker Build        |
  |  - Push Docker Image   |
  +-----------+------------+
              |
              v
  +------------------------+          +----------------------+
  |        Docker Hub      |          |        AWS EKS        |
  |                        |          |                      |
  |  - Docker Image        |          |  - Kubernetes Cluster |
  |                        |          |                      |
  +-----------+------------+          +-----------+----------+
              |                                    |
              v                                    |
  +------------------------+          +----------------------+
  |   Kubernetes Deployment|          |  Prometheus & Grafana|
  |                        |          |                      |
  |  - Deployment          |          |  - Monitoring         |
  |  - Service             |          |  - Dashboards        |
  |                        |          |                      |
  +------------------------+          +----------------------+
              |
              v
  +------------------------+
  |     Amazon RDS         |
  |                        |
  |  - MySQL Database      |
  |                        |
  +------------------------+

Project Overview

Objectives

• Infrastructure Setup: Provision AWS resources including VPC, EC2 instances, and RDS databases.
• CI/CD Pipeline: Automate the build, test, and deployment processes with Jenkins.
• Containerization: Containerize the application using Docker.
• Kubernetes Deployment: Deploy the application on Amazon EKS.
• Monitoring: Implement continuous monitoring using Prometheus and Grafana.
• Security: Secure the pipeline with Trivy and SonarQube.
• Infrastructure as Code: Automate infrastructure management with Terraform.
• Blue-Green Deployment: Implement blue-green deployment strategies.

Tools and Technologies

• AWS: EC2, VPC, RDS, EKS.
• Jenkins: CI/CD automation.
• Docker: Containerization.
• Kubernetes: Container orchestration.
• Prometheus & Grafana: Monitoring and visualization.
• Trivy & SonarQube: Security and code quality checks.
• Terraform: Infrastructure as code.

Prerequisites

• AWS Account: Required for cloud resource provisioning.
• Basic Linux Knowledge: For managing EC2 instances.
• Docker and Kubernetes Knowledge: For containerization and orchestration.
• Familiarity with CI/CD: Understanding basic CI/CD concepts.
• GitHub Account: For version control and Jenkins integration.

Step 1: Infrastructure Setup on AWS

1.1 Setting Up the VPC and Networking

1. Create a VPC:

   aws ec2 create-vpc --cidr-block 10.0.0.0/16

• Configure subnets:
  

   aws ec2 create-subnet --vpc-id <vpc-id> --cidr-block 10.0.1.0/24 --availability-zone us-east-1a
  

• Set up an Internet Gateway:
  

   aws ec2 create-internet-gateway
   aws ec2 attach-internet-gateway --vpc-id <vpc-id> --internet-gateway-id <igw-id>
  

• Create route tables and associate with subnets:
  

   aws ec2 create-route-table --vpc-id <vpc-id>
   aws ec2 create-route --route-table-id <rtb-id> --destination-cidr-block 0.0.0.0/0 --gateway-id <igw-id>
   aws ec2 associate-route-table --subnet-id <subnet-id> --route-table-id <rtb-id>
  

1. Set Up Security Groups:

   • Create a security group:

    aws ec2 create-security-group --group-name MySecurityGroup --description "Security group for my app" --vpc-id <vpc-id>
   

• Allow SSH, HTTP, and HTTPS:
  

   aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-id <sg-id> --protocol tcp --port 22 --cidr 0.0.0.0/0
   aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-id <sg-id> --protocol tcp --port 80 --cidr 0.0.0.0/0
   aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-id <sg-id> --protocol tcp --port 443 --cidr 0.0.0.0/0
  

1.2 Provisioning EC2 Instances

1. Launch EC2 Instances:

   • Use the AWS Management Console or CLI:

    aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-0abcdef1234567890 --count 1 --instance-type t2.micro --key-name MyKeyPair --security-group-ids <sg-id> --subnet-id <subnet-id>
   

• Install Docker and Jenkins on the EC2 instance:
  

   sudo yum update -y
   sudo yum install docker -y
   sudo service docker start
   sudo usermod -a -G docker ec2-user
  
   # Jenkins
   sudo yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk -y
   wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
   rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io.key
   sudo yum install jenkins -y
   sudo systemctl start jenkins
   sudo systemctl enable jenkins
  

1.3 Setting Up an RDS Database

1. Provision an RDS Instance:

   • Create a MySQL instance:

    aws rds create-db-instance --db-instance-identifier mydbinstance --db-instance-class db.t2.micro --engine mysql --master-username admin --master-user-password password --allocated-storage 20 --vpc-security-group-ids <sg-id>
   

2. Connect the Application:

   • Update application configuration with the RDS endpoint:

    jdbc:mysql://<rds-endpoint>:3306/mydatabase
   

• Ensure connectivity by testing with MySQL client

:

 ```bash
 mysql -h <rds-endpoint> -u admin -p
 ```

Step 2: Installing and Configuring Jenkins

2.1 Jenkins Installation

1. Install Jenkins:

   • Already covered under EC2 provisioning. Access Jenkins via <ec2-public-ip>:8080.

2. Unlock Jenkins:

   • Retrieve the initial admin password:

    sudo cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
   

• Complete the setup wizard.

2.2 Configuring Jenkins for GitHub Integration

1. Install GitHub Plugin:

   • Navigate to Manage Jenkins -> Manage Plugins.
   • Search for "GitHub" and install it.

2. Generate a GitHub Token:

   • Generate a personal access token from GitHub and add it to Jenkins:
     • Manage Jenkins -> Manage Credentials -> Add Credentials.

3. Create a New Job:

   • Set up a new pipeline job and link it to your GitHub repository.

2.3 Setting Up Jenkins Pipelines

1. Define a Jenkinsfile:

   • Create a Jenkinsfile in your repository:

    pipeline {
      agent any
      stages {
        stage('Build') {
          steps {
            sh 'mvn clean install'
          }
        }
        stage('Test') {
          steps {
            sh 'mvn test'
          }
        }
        stage('Deploy') {
          steps {
            sh 'docker build -t myapp .'
            sh 'docker push myrepo/myapp'
          }
        }
      }
    }
   

2. Trigger the Pipeline:

   • Commit and push the Jenkinsfile to your repository.
   • Jenkins will automatically trigger the build.

Step 3: Containerizing the Application with Docker

3.1 Writing a Dockerfile

1. Create a Dockerfile:

   • In your application directory:

    FROM openjdk:8-jdk-alpine
    VOLUME /tmp
    ARG JAR_FILE=target/*.jar
    COPY ${JAR_FILE} app.jar
    ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]
   

2. Build the Docker Image:

   • Run the following commands:

    docker build -t myapp:latest .
   

3.2 Building and Pushing Docker Images

1. Tag and Push Image:

   • Tag the image with the appropriate version:

    docker tag myapp:latest myrepo/myapp:v1.0.0
   

• Push the image to Docker Hub:
  

   docker push myrepo/myapp:v1.0.0
  

3.3 Docker Compose for Local Development

1. Create a docker-compose.yml File:

   • Define your multi-container application:

    version: '3'
    services:
      app:
        image: myrepo/myapp:v1.0.0
        ports:
          - "8080:8080"
      db:
        image: mysql:5.7
        environment:
          MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: password
          MYSQL_DATABASE: mydatabase
        ports:
          - "3306:3306"
   

2. Run Docker Compose:

   • Start the application locally:

    docker-compose up
   

Step 4: Deploying to Kubernetes (Amazon EKS)

4.1 Setting Up the EKS Cluster

1. Install kubectl and eksctl:

   • Install kubectl:

    curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
    chmod +x kubectl
    sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
   

• Install eksctl:
  

   curl --silent --location "https://github.com/weaveworks/eksctl/releases/download/0.110.0/eksctl_Linux_amd64.tar.gz" | tar xz -C /tmp
   sudo mv /tmp/eksctl /usr/local/bin
  

1. Create an EKS Cluster:

   eksctl create cluster --name my-cluster --version 1.21 --region us-east-1 --nodegroup-name my-nodes --node-type t3.medium --nodes 3

4.2 Creating Kubernetes Manifests

1. Write Deployment Manifests:

   • Create a deployment.yaml:

    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: myapp-deployment
    spec:
      replicas: 3
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: myapp
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: myapp
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: myapp
            image: myrepo/myapp:v1.0.0
            ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
   

4.3 Deploying the Application on EKS

1. Apply the Manifests:

   • Deploy the application to EKS:

    kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
   

• Monitor the deployment:
  

   kubectl get pods
  

1. Expose the Application:

   • Create a service to expose the application:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: myapp-service
    spec:
      type: LoadBalancer
      selector:
        app: myapp
      ports:
        - protocol: TCP
          port: 80
          targetPort: 8080
   

• Apply the service:
  

   kubectl apply -f service.yaml
  

Step 5: Implementing Continuous Monitoring with Prometheus and Grafana

5.1 Installing Prometheus

1. Deploy Prometheus:

   • Use Helm to install Prometheus:

    helm repo add prometheus-community https://prometheus-community.github.io/helm-charts
    helm repo update
    helm install prometheus prometheus-community/prometheus
   

2. Configure Prometheus:

   • Edit the values.yaml file to scrape your application metrics:

    scrape_configs:
      - job_name: 'myapp'
        static_configs:
          - targets: ['myapp-service:8080']
   

5.2 Configuring Grafana Dashboards

1. Deploy Grafana:

   • Install Grafana via Helm:

    helm install grafana grafana/grafana
   

2. Access Grafana:

   • Retrieve the admin password:

    kubectl get secret --namespace default grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" | base64 --decode ; echo
   

• Forward port to access Grafana:
  

   kubectl port-forward svc/grafana 3000:80
  

1. Add Prometheus as a Data Source:
   • Log in to Grafana and add Prometheus as a data source.

5.3 Setting Up Alerts

1. Define Alerting Rules:

   • Create alerting rules in Prometheus for critical metrics:

    groups:
      - name: example
        rules:
        - alert: HighMemoryUsage
          expr: node_memory_Active_bytes > 1e+09
          for: 1m
          labels:
            severity: critical
          annotations:
            summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} high memory usage"
   

2. Set Up Alertmanager:

   • Configure Alertmanager for notifications:

    receivers:
      - name: 'email'
        email_configs:
          - to: 'your-email@example.com'
   

Step 6: Securing the CI/CD Pipeline

6.1 Scanning for Vulnerabilities with Trivy

1. Install Trivy:

   • Install Trivy on the Jenkins server:

    sudo apt-get install wget apt-transport-https gnupg lsb-release
    wget -qO - https://aquasecurity.github.io/trivy-repo/deb/public.key | sudo apt-key add -
    echo deb https://aquasecurity.github.io/trivy-repo/deb $(lsb_release -sc) main | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/trivy.list
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install trivy
   

2. Integrate Trivy with Jenkins:

   • Add Trivy to the Jenkins pipeline:

    stage('Security Scan') {
      steps {
        sh 'trivy image myrepo/myapp:v1.0.0'
      }
    }
   

6.2 Integrating SonarQube for Code Quality

1. Install SonarQube:

   • Install SonarQube on the EC2 instance:

    sudo yum install java-11-openjdk-devel -y
    wget https://binaries.sonarsource.com/Distribution/sonarqube/sonarqube-8.9.6.50800.zip
    unzip
   

sonarqube-*.zip
sudo mv sonarqube-8.9.6.50800 /opt/sonarqube
sudo chown -R sonar: /opt/sonarqube
```

1. Configure SonarQube:

   • Modify the sonar.properties file for database integration:

    sonar.jdbc.username=sonar
    sonar.jdbc.password=sonar
    sonar.jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost/sonarqube
   

2. Integrate SonarQube with Jenkins:

   • Add SonarQube analysis in Jenkins:

    stage('SonarQube Analysis') {
      steps {
        withSonarQubeEnv('My SonarQube Server') {
          sh 'mvn sonar:sonar'
        }
      }
    }
   

Conclusion

This project guide provides an in-depth walkthrough of setting up an end-to-end DevOps pipeline with CI/CD, containerization, Kubernetes deployment, monitoring, and security. By following this guide, you’ll not only gain practical experience but also create a production-ready pipeline. Remember, the key to mastering DevOps is consistent practice and staying updated with the latest tools and methodologies.

Final Thoughts

Feel free to customize the steps and integrate more tools as per your project requirements. DevOps is a vast field, and this guide is just the beginning of your journey towards becoming a proficient DevOps engineer. Happy coding and happy deploying!

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