The CLAS is a brief inventory to estimate dosage of participation in cognitive activities. The CLAS could be used in clinical care to enhance cognitive activity or in research to estimate dosage of activities prior to an intervention.
The biological mechanisms linking mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and major depressive disorder are not well understood. We investigated whether molecular senescence changes in older adults are associated with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) or MCI.

We included 371 participants 167 with MCI; 62 cognitively normal with a history of MDD; 97 with MDD+MCI; and 45 cognitively unimpaired (CU) without a history of MDD. The candidate Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) biomarkers were measured in the plasma using a customized LUMINEX assay.

The MDD+MCI group had a higher SASP index than the other groups (
<.001). A higher SASP index was significantly associated with worse global cognitive performance, executive dysfunction, slower processing speed, and episodic memory deficits.

Our study suggests that increased molecular changes are associated with cognitive impairment in older adults with MDD and indicate that accelerated biological aging is an underlying feature of MDD.
Our study suggests that increased molecular changes are associated with cognitive impairment in older adults with MDD and indicate that accelerated biological aging is an underlying feature of MDD.
This study sought to determine whether adding cognition to a model with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers based on the amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration/neuronal injury-AT(N)-biomarker framework predicts rates of cognitive and functional decline in older adults without dementia.

The study included 465 participants who completed amyloid positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and serial neuropsychological testing. Using the AT(N) framework and a newly validated cognitive metric as the independent variables, we used linear mixed effects models to examine a 4-year rate of change in cognitive and functional measures.

The inclusion of baseline cognitive status improved model fit in predicting rate of decline in outcomes above and beyond biomarker variables. Specifically, those with worse cognitive functioning at baseline had faster rates of memory and functional decline over a 4-year period, even when accounting for AT(N).

Including a newly validated measure of baseline cognition may improve clinical prognosis in non-demented older adults beyond the use of AT(N) biomarkers alone.
Including a newly validated measure of baseline cognition may improve clinical prognosis in non-demented older adults beyond the use of AT(N) biomarkers alone.
The objective of this study was to investigate associations between dementia in World Trade Center (WTC) responders and in vivo volumetric measures of hippocampal subfield volumes in WTC responders at midlife.

A sample of 99 WTC responders was divided into dementia and unimpaired groups. Participants underwent structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Volumetric measures included the overall hippocampus and eight subfields. Regression models examined volumetric measure of interest adjusting for confounders including intracranial volume.

Dementia was associated with smaller hippocampal volume and with reductions across hippocampal subfields. Smaller hippocampal subfield volumes were associated with longer cumulative time worked at the WTC. Domain-specific cognitive performance was associated with lower volumetric measures across hippocampal subregions.

This is the first study to investigate hippocampal subfield volumes in a sample of WTC responders at midlife. Selective hippocampal subfield volume reductions suggested abnormal cognition that were associated with WTC exposure duration.
This is the first study to investigate hippocampal subfield volumes in a sample of WTC responders at midlife. Selective hippocampal subfield volume reductions suggested abnormal cognition that were associated with WTC exposure duration.
The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) are two commonly used instruments for assessing cognitive function. Although conversion between 3MSE and MMSE is useful in applications such as integrative data analysis, there are limited published reports on the topic. Our objective is to provide a dual tool (1) an item-level conversion tool to score responses for deriving both 3MSE and MMSE measures, and (2) cross-walk tables to facilitate quick conversion between 3MSE and MMSE.

An SAS program tool allows scoring of 3MSE item-level responses into MMSE score. Using integrated data sets (n=8346), actual 3MSE and MMSE scores obtained from the same individuals were linked to form cross-walk tables.

An SAS conversion program was made available. OSI-930 inhibitor Cross-walk tables were derived. Validation sample shows bias is -0.11 (standard deviation=1.02) in 3MSE→MMSE; the converse had substantially large bias.

The 3MSE→MMSE conversion table can be used in clinical practice and legacy system data.
The 3MSE→MMSE conversion table can be used in clinical practice and legacy system data.
This study evaluated acute change in odor identification following atropine nasal spray challenge, and 8-week change in odor identification ability, as a predictor of long-term improvement in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) who received open-label cholinesterase inhibitor treatment.

In patients with clinical AD, the University of Pennsylvania Smell identification Test (UPSIT) was administered before and after an anticholinergic atropine nasal spray challenge. Patients were then treated with donepezil for 52weeks.

In 21 study participants, acute atropine-induced decrease in UPSIT was not associated with change in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) or Selective Reminding Test (SRT). Decline in odor identification performance from baseline to week 8 was indicative of a future decline in cognitive performance over 52weeks.

Change in odor identification with atropine challenge is not a useful predictor of treatment response to cholinesterase inhibitors.OSI-930 inhibitor