Let's practice with a basic Secret Santa generator in Python.

What is Secret Santa?

Secret Santa is a very popular Christmas tradition. The idea is to exchange very cheap but funny gifts with your colleagues or your friends.

There are three mandatory rules:

each member is assigned to another member randomly
each member will buy a gift and receive one
a member cannot select his own name

Avoid common misconceptions

You don't need an even number of participants to organize a Secret Santa.

You might get confused, as the whole operation consists of making pairs, but the size of the stack does not matter here :)

Map the problem

Let's say there are seven members for the Secret Santa Event: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G.

The trivial example would be:

A->B->C->D->E->F->G->A

Looks easy! We can probably assign pairs according to an ordered list of elements to make pairs in the same order.

However, anyone could easily guess all pairs, ruining the whole experience. Let's shuffle!

Basic Python program

Warning: we must implement the mandatory rules.

It's possible, at least, in four steps:

take the names as inputs
store the names in a list
shuffle the list
assign unique pairs

We will process a .csv file that contains two different lists of members:

John,Sarah,Paul,Jenny,Oliver,Maria,Elliot
Joyce,Helena,Ella,Robert,Marla,Eva,Kate

Python will abstract the complexity. The built-in enumerate() will keep a count of iterations so we'll know when to stop:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import sys
import random
import csv

"""Generate secret santa pairs from a list of members
"""
def make_secret_santa_pairs(members):
    total = len(members)

    random.shuffle(members)

    pairs = [
        (member, members[(j + 1) % total])
        for j, member in enumerate(members)
    ]

    print("[+]", pairs)

try:
    with open("members.csv", mode="r") as csv_file:
        csv_items = csv.reader(csv_file)
        for item in csv_items:
            if len(item) > 0:
                make_secret_santa_pairs(item)
except Exception as e:
    print("[-] Error while setting members with the .csv file:", e)
    sys.exit(1)

N.B.: I use a .csv here because I'm lazy, but feel free to replace it with a prompt or something more interactive

What to do after

send invitations to each member by email
provide user accounts
add wish lists
add an interface to enter names instead of using .csv files

And many more... In this post, we barely scratched the surface.

Wrap this up

Such loops and permutations are not uncommon in programming, so it can be nice to practice with a concrete case.

Python: the making of Secret Santa