How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD

Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, however it can affect adults as well. When diagnosed and treated for ADHD, a person can lead a happier life.

Interviewing the person as well as their family members can be a part of a diagnostic for ADHD. The specialist could look through old school records to see whether the symptoms started in childhood.

Symptoms

ADHD is a disorder that can affect school, work as well as home life. Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized at times. A person must exhibit major symptoms in two of these areas and they must be able to significantly impact everyday functioning to be deemed to have ADHD. The symptoms must also have been present for a minimum of six months.

To establish a diagnosis a doctor will interview the patient regarding their symptoms and ask about their family medical history and any medical issues. They can also use rating systems to measure symptoms in children or adults. These questionnaires are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These include questions about symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and an impulsive nature.

Adults might be asked to talk to their spouse or someone who knows them well. This is not meant to challenge the patient's honesty, but to gain a better understanding of their behavior that can't be obtained through a questionnaire. They may also ask about childhood behavior and use the old school records to determine whether the signs started before the age of 12.

Before determining a diagnosis the doctor will conduct physical examinations and tests in the lab to rule out any other health issues, like thyroid issues or head injuries that may cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over the person's list of medications. Doctors will consider the interaction between stimulants and certain medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other conditions. It's important that adults talk with their primary healthcare provider in the event that they suspect they have ADHD.

Diagnosis

To be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must manifest in more than one setting (like home, school and at work) and have a significant impact on functioning. The symptoms must be evident before the age of 12 and must not be caused by a different disorder such as depression or anxiety.

A mental health professional or doctor will use a variety of tools during the assessment that include ADHD symptom checklists as well as standardized behavior rating scales and a thorough history. They may also interview family members or friends to find out how the symptoms affect them. They may also inquire whether there are other physical or mental conditions that exhibit similar symptoms.

The evaluators will consider whether the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also review the person's medical history and family history to determine if there is no root reason for their symptoms, such as thyroid disorders or head injuries, or medications.

In certain instances the examiner may decide to conduct cognitive testing or request the person take an imaging test to determine the cause of their symptoms, such as learning disabilities. People with these problems typically present differently than those who do not suffer from them. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, whereas girls display inattentional symptoms.

Many people with ADHD are interested in taking part in a clinical trial to test new treatments. While this is a fantastic method to aid in further research, it's important for participants to realize that the purpose behind these studies is to increase knowledge in the field of science and cannot necessarily guarantee they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more details about clinical trials.

Treatment

If you suspect that you have ADHD Find a doctor who is qualified to diagnose the disorder. Ask your health insurance provider for confirmation if ADHD specialists are covered. You can also ask family doctors or other health professionals for recommendations. Also, word-of-mouth referrals are a good choice.

A doctor will interview the patient -- or their parents, in the case of children -- about their symptoms. They can use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptoms checklists, and request details from other people in the person's life, including spouses and family members. Personal insights can reveal more than what can be gleaned from questionnaires.

Experts will also review any old school records particularly old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually based on the history of the individual. To be diagnosed the symptoms must be present since the time of childhood (technically prior to the age of 12).

A physical exam is also usually done. It's also a way to check for any other medical issues that could be causing symptoms, such seizures or thyroid issues. A neurological examination is often carried out by an expert to assess the coordination and motor control. Psychological tests, designed to assess abilities and intelligence, may be used as well. A person could be required to complete simple computer tasks designed to test attention and memory. This could assist an expert determine if someone is hyperactive or inattentive. The expert will then decide on a diagnosis and recommend treatment. The treatment typically includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy or talk therapy can help children and adults learn healthy ways to cope and change unhelpful thought patterns. This therapy is offered by a primary doctor or a mental healthcare professional who is an expert in adult ADHD.

Medication

Many people suffering from ADHD improve their condition by taking medication, though it's not the only option to treat the condition. Adults, teens and children can also benefit from behavioral therapy, psychotherapy or any combination of the two. These therapies aid them in coping and learn to live with their ADHD symptoms. They may also include psychoeducation, which is education about ADHD and ways to manage it. They can include family members, teachers and professionals.

It is essential to locate a mental health professional or health professional who is experienced in treating ADHD. You can ask others with ADHD for recommendations or a mental healthcare provider you've met. You can also conduct an online search. It's best to find an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.

To determine if your child has ADHD or other disorders, your health care provider will ask about your your child's symptoms as well as the problems caused by the condition. More will do a physical exam and check for other health issues that may cause similar symptoms. They will go over the medical and family history of you or your child and also school documents and other reports.

The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V), which is designed to diagnose children and adolescents, has a harder diagnosis of ADHD in adults. Your health care provider will interview you or your child regarding their symptoms and may request other people who spend long periods of time with them to complete questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. The medications used to treat ADHD include stimulants such as methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine and nonstimulants such as atomoxetine or certain antidepressants. They function by boosting levels of brain chemicals, known as neurotransmitters.

Counseling

Many people with ADHD also suffer from comorbid disorders, including depression or anxiety. This is why treatment should include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients can benefit from cognitive behavior therapy which teaches techniques such as time and task management as well as emotional self-regulation.

Therapists can also assist patients manage their symptoms by altering their lifestyle. For instance an exercise routine that is regularly practiced can reduce hyperactivity and increase concentration. A healthier diet is also crucial for people with ADHD tend to eat higher levels of sugar and fat and consume less vegetables and fruits than other people. Making family and social relationships a top priority can help decrease stress and help people feel more in charge of their lives.

Another benefit of an ADHD diagnosis is that it gives children and adults a clearer understanding of their challenges. A child suffering from ADHD may have trouble communicating their requirements to teachers or their other peers. Once a teacher understands that this isn't an individual issue or because of their inability to communicate, they can make accommodations.

A professional conducting an ADHD assessment will ask questions geared toward the person's age, interview teachers and relatives and review medical records and determine if there are any comorbid conditions. For adults, records from schools could be useful in determining whether the ADHD symptoms began before adulthood.

The expert will also check for any vision or hearing issues with hearing or vision. The doctor could also conduct tests on blood to check for certain hormones, and other health issues that could cause symptoms and signs of ADHD.
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