476. Number Complement

Difficulty: Easy

Topics: Bit Manipulation

The complement of an integer is the integer you get when you flip all the 0's to 1's and all the 1's to 0's in its binary representation.

• For example, The integer 5 is "101" in binary and its complement is "010" which is the integer 2.

Given an integer num, return its complement.

Example 1:

• Input: num = 5
• Output: 2
• Explanation: The binary representation of 5 is 101 (no leading zero bits), and its complement is 010. So you need to output 2.

Example 2:

• Input: num = 1
• Output: 0
• Explanation: The binary representation of 1 is 1 (no leading zero bits), and its complement is 0. So you need to output 0.

Constraints:

• 1 <= num < 231

Note: This question is the same as 1009. Complement of Base 10 Integer

Solution:

We need to flip the bits of the binary representation of a given integer and return the resulting integer.

Steps to solve the problem:

1. Convert the number to its binary representation.
2. Flip the bits (i.e., change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0).
3. Convert the flipped binary string back to an integer.

Let's implement this solution in PHP: 476. Number Complement

<?php
// Example usage:
$num = 5;
echo findComplement($num); // Output: 2

$num = 1;
echo findComplement($num); // Output: 0
?>

Explanation:

• decbin($num): Converts the given integer to its binary string representation.
• Flipping the bits: We iterate through the binary string and flip each bit by checking if it's a 1 or a 0.
• bindec($flipped): Converts the flipped binary string back to an integer.

Example Runs:

1. Input: 5

   • Binary representation: "101"
   • Flipped binary: "010"
   • Output: 2

2. Input: 1

   • Binary representation: "1"
   • Flipped binary: "0"
   • Output: 0

This solution efficiently calculates the complement by flipping the bits of the binary representation of the given number.

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