Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) and Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) are both securi Drty measures designed to enhance the protection of user accounts by requiring multiple forms of verification. However, they differ in their scope and implementation.

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

Definition:
2FA is a type of MFA that specifically requires two different factors of authentication to verify a user's identity.

Common Factors:

1. Something you know: Password or PIN.
2. Something you have: A smartphone, hardware token, or security key.
3. Something you are: Biometric verification like fingerprint or facial recognition.

Example:
When logging into your email:

1. First Factor: Enter your password.
2. Second Factor: Enter a code sent to your mobile phone via SMS.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Definition:
MFA is a broader term that encompasses any authentication process requiring more than one factor. This could be two factors (2FA) or more.

Common Factors:

1. Something you know: Password or PIN.
2. Something you have: A smartphone, hardware token, or security key.
3. Something you are: Biometric verification like fingerprint or facial recognition.
4. Something you do: Behavioral biometrics, such as typing patterns.

Example:
When accessing a sensitive financial account:

1. First Factor: Enter your password.
2. Second Factor: Enter a code generated by a hardware token.
3. Third Factor: Verify your identity using a fingerprint scan.

Key Differences:

• Scope: 2FA is a subset of MFA, specifically involving exactly two factors. MFA can involve more than two factors.
• Flexibility: MFA provides more flexibility by incorporating additional factors beyond the basic two required in 2FA.

In summary, while 2FA always involves two factors, MFA can include any number of factors, making it a more general and flexible approach to enhancing security.