Manufacturers and brands distribute their products across numerous retailers, but how do they ensure their pricing gridlines are followed? The answer is Minimum Advertised Price monitoring.

In this article, we'll explain what MAP monitoring is and how to apply its concept using Python web scraping. Let's dive in!

What is MAP Monitoring?

Minimum Advertised Price monitoring (MAP monitoring) is the process of ensuring that all online products from a specific vendor follow the lowest price defined, known as MAP compliance.

There are different reasons for applying the MAP pricing enforcement on online retailers, including:

Maintaining the brand reputation and image.
Ensuring fair competition among retailers.
Preserving the desired profit margins.
Maintaining consistent consumer perception.

A MAP monitoring software does a fairly easy job: it requests the product page, parses the listing price, and compares it with the minimum advertised price. In other words, as it resembles a web scraper for automated price monitoring!

Project Setup

In this guide, we'll build a minimum advertised price monitoring tool using Python with a few community packages.

httpx to request the product web pages and retrieve their HTML source.
parsel to parse the product prices from the HTML using XPath and CSS selectors.
loguru to log our MAP monitoring tool through terminal outputs.
asyncio to increase the web scraping speed using asynchronous execution.

Since asyncio comes pre-installed in Python, we'll only have to install the other packages using the following pip command:

pip install httpx parsel loguru

Note that it's very safe to replace httpx with any other HTTP client, such as requests. As for parsel, another alternative is BeautifulSoup.

Create a MAP Monitoring Tool

to monitor the minimum advertised pricing data, we'll split our logic into three parts:

Web scraper to extract the product prices.
Price comparator to check for map compliance violations.
Scheduler to automate the above steps in specified intervals.

For a similar price monitoring tool, refer to our guide on tracking historical prices.

Web Scraping Prices

In this MAP monitoring guide, we'll use the products on web-scraping.dev/products as our scraping target:

Product page on web-scraping.dev

To start, we'll create the parsing logic to parse the prices from the HTML:

import random
from httpx import Response
from parsel import Selector
from typing import List, Dict

def parse_products(response: Response) -> List[Dict]:
    """parse products from HTML"""
    selector = Selector(response.text)
    data = []
    for product in selector.xpath("//div[@class='row product']"):
        price = float(product.xpath(".//div[@class='price']/text()").get())
        price = round(random.uniform(1, 4), 2) if random.random() > 0.75 else price
        data.append({
            "id": product.xpath(".//div[contains(@class, description)]/h3/a/@href").get().split("/product/")[-1],
            "link": product.xpath(".//div[contains(@class, description)]/h3/a/@href").get(),
            "price": price
        })
    return data

Here, we define the parse_products function to:

Iterate over product boxes on the HTML and extract the ID, link, and price.
Mimic random price changes, as our target web page data is static, and dynamic prices are required to check against map policy violations.

Next, we'll utilize the parsing logic while requesting the web page to extract the product data:

import asyncio
import json
from httpx import AsyncClient, Response
from loguru import logger as log
from typing import List, Dict

# initializing a async httpx client
client = AsyncClient(
    headers = {
        "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.9",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.110 Safari/537.36",
    }
)

def parse_products(response: Response) -> List[Dict]:
    # rest of the function code

async def scrape_prices(url: str) -> List[Dict]:
    """scrape product prices from a given URL"""
    # create an array of URLs to paginate and request concurrently
    to_scrape = [
        client.get(url + f"?page={page_number}")
        for page_number in range(1, 5 + 1)
    ]
    data = []
    log.info(f"scraping prices from {len(to_scrape)} pages")
    for response in asyncio.as_completed(to_scrape):
        response = await response
        data.extend(parse_products(response))
    return data

Run the code:

async def run():
    product_data = await scrape_prices(
        url="https://web-scraping.dev/products"
    )
    print(json.dumps(product_data, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))

if __name__ == " __main__":
    asyncio.run(run())

Here, we initiate an httpx client with basic headers to mimic a normal browser and define a scrape_prices function. It adds the page URLs to a scraping list and then requests them concurrently while utilizing the parse_products with each page response.

Here's a sample output of the results we got:

[
  {
    "id": "16",
    "link": "https://web-scraping.dev/product/16",
    "price": 1.87
  },
  {
    "id": "17",
    "link": "https://web-scraping.dev/product/17",
    "price": 4.99
  },
  {
    "id": "18",
    "link": "https://web-scraping.dev/product/18",
    "price": 4.99
  },
]

The above results include products that vary from the minimum advertised price. However, the price deviations aren't detected yet. Let's implement this logic!

Detecting Outlier Prices

The next step of the MAP monitoring price is detecting the price changes. Such a process requires the minimum advertised price itself to be known , which is a threshold to check based on.

In our example project's context, we'll check against the scraped product prices:

import json
from loguru import logger as log
from typing import List, Dict
from time import gmtime, strftime

def check_map_compliance(data: List[Dict], price_threshold: int):
    """compare scraped prices with a price threshold"""
    outliers = []
    for item in data:
        if item["price"] < price_threshold:
            item["change"] = f"{round((price_threshold - item['price']) / price_threshold, 2) * 100}%"
            item["data"] = strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", gmtime())
            log.debug(f"Item with ID {item['id']} and URL {item['link']} violates the MAP compliance")
            outliers.append(item)
    if outliers:
        with open("outliers.json", "w", encoding="utf-8") as file:
            json.dump(outliers, file, indent=2)

Here, we define a check_map_compliance function. It iterates over an array of data to compare the product's price against the minimum advertised price, determined by the price_threshold parameter.

The next step is utilizing the above function on the scraped data:

from loguru import logger as log
from typing import List, Dict

async def scrape_prices(url: str) -> List[Dict]:
    # ....

def check_map_compliance(data: List[Dict], price_threshold: int):
    # ....

async def map_monitor(url: str, price_threshold: int):
    log.info("======= MAP monitor has started =======")
    data = await scrape_prices(url=url)
    check_map_compliance(data, price_threshold)
    log.success("======= MAP monitor has finished =======")

Run the code:

async def run():
    await map_monitor(
        url="https://web-scraping.dev/products",
        price_threshold=4
    )

if __name__ == " __main__":
    asyncio.run(run())

Running the above map_monitor function will MAP monitor the products by scraping and comparing them with the lowest price threshold. It will also save the products that violate the MAP enforcement below with the change percentage and capturing date:

[
  {
    "id": "10",
    "link": "https://web-scraping.dev/product/10",
    "price": 2.08,
    "change": "48.0%",
    "data": "2024-04-30 16:38:23"
  },
  ....
]

MAP Monitoring Scheuling

The last feature of our minimum advertised monitoring tool is scheduling. We'll use asyncio to execute the final map_monitor function as a crone job:

# ....

async def map_monitor(url: str, price_threshold: int):
    log.info("======= MAP monitor has started =======")
    data = await scrape_prices(url=url)
    check_map_compliance(data, price_threshold)
    log.success("======= MAP monitor has finished =======")

async def main():
    while True:
        # Run the script every 3 hours
        await map_monitor(
            url="https://web-scraping.dev/products",
            price_threshold=4
        )
        await asyncio.sleep(3 * 60 * 60)

if __name__ == " __main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

The above snippet will allow our MAP monitoring tool to run every specified interval to log the outlier products and save them to a file:

Full MAP Monitoring Code

Here is what the full minimum advertised price monitoring tool should look like:

import random
import asyncio
import json
from httpx import AsyncClient, Response
from loguru import logger as log
from parsel import Selector
from typing import List, Dict
from time import gmtime, strftime

# initializing a async httpx client
client = AsyncClient(
    headers = {
        "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.9",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.110 Safari/537.36",
    }
)

def parse_products(response: Response) -> List[Dict]:
    """parse products from HTML"""
    selector = Selector(response.text)
    data = []
    for product in selector.xpath("//div[@class='row product']"):
        price = float(product.xpath(".//div[@class='price']/text()").get())
        price = round(random.uniform(1, 4), 2) if random.random() > 0.75 else price
        data.append({
            "id": product.xpath(".//div[contains(@class, description)]/h3/a/@href").get().split("/product/")[-1],
            "link": product.xpath(".//div[contains(@class, description)]/h3/a/@href").get(),
            "price": price
        })
    return data

async def scrape_prices(url: str) -> List[Dict]:
    """scrape product prices from a given URL"""
    # create an array of URLs to paginate and request concurrently
    to_scrape = [
        client.get(url + f"?page={page_number}")
        for page_number in range(1, 5 + 1)
    ]
    data = []
    log.info(f"scraping prices from {len(to_scrape)} pages")
    for response in asyncio.as_completed(to_scrape):
        response = await response
        data.extend(parse_products(response))
    return data 

def check_map_compliance(data: List[Dict], price_threshold: int):
    """compare scraped prices with a price threshold"""
    outliers = []
    for item in data:
        if item["price"] < price_threshold:
            item["change"] = f"{round((price_threshold - item['price']) / price_threshold, 2) * 100}%"
            item["data"] = strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", gmtime())
            log.debug(f"Item with ID {item['id']} and URL {item['link']} violates the MAP compliance")
            outliers.append(item)
    if outliers:
        with open("outliers.json", "w", encoding="utf-8") as file:
            json.dump(outliers, file, indent=2)

async def map_monitor(url: str, price_threshold: int):
    log.info("======= MAP monitor has started =======")
    data = await scrape_prices(url=url)
    check_map_compliance(data, price_threshold)
    log.success("======= MAP monitor has finished =======")

Run the code:

async def main():
    while True:
        # Run the script every 3 hours
        await map_monitor(
            url="https://web-scraping.dev/products",
            price_threshold=4
        )
        await asyncio.sleep(3 * 60 * 60) 

if __name__ == " __main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

The retrieved MAP monitoring data provide several insight details, which can be visualized as charts. Refer to our guide on observing e-commerce trends for a quick introduction to visualizing web scraping results.

Powering Up With ScrapFly

Monitoring minimum advertised prices can require requesting hundreds of product pages. This is where a common limitation is encountered: web scraping blocking.

ScrapFly is a web scraping API that allows for scraping at scale by providing:

Anti-scraping protection bypass - For bypassing anti-scraping protection mechanisms, such as Cloudflare.
Millions of residential proxy IPs in +50 countries - For preventing IP address blocking and throttling while also allowing for scraping from almost any geographical location.
JavaScript rendering - For scraping dynamic web pages through cloud headless browsers without running them yourself.
Easy to use Python and Typescript SDKs, as well as Scrapy integration.
And much more!

ScrapFly service does the heavy lifting for you

Here's how to scrape for MAP monitoring using ScrapFly without getting blocked. All we have to do is enable the asp parameter and choose a proxy pool and country:

# standard web scraping code
import httpx
from parsel import Selector

response = httpx.get("target web page URL")
selector = Selector(response.text)

# in ScrapFly becomes this 👇
from scrapfly import ScrapeConfig, ScrapflyClient

# replaces your HTTP client (httpx in this case)
scrapfly = ScrapflyClient(key="Your ScrapFly API key")

response = scrapfly.scrape(ScrapeConfig(
    url="target web page URL",
    asp=True, # enable the anti scraping protection to bypass blocking
    country="US", # set the proxy location to a specfic country
    proxy_pool="public_residential_pool", # select a proxy pool
    render_js=True # enable rendering JavaScript (like headless browsers) to scrape dynamic content if needed
))

# use the built in Parsel selector
selector = response.selector
# access the HTML content
html = response.scrape_result['content']

Try for FREE!

FAQ

To wrap up this guide on MAP price monitoring, let's have a look at some frequently asked questions.

What is the MAP compliance?

Minimum advertised price compliance is a practice in which manufacturers set the lowest price for online retailers to advertise at. Retailers are free to sell at any chosen price but not below the minimum value specified.

How does MAP monitoring work?

MAP price monitoring involves comparing retailer prices with the minimum advertised price to check for MAP enforcement violations. Such a process can be automated with web scraping by requesting listing pages and extracting their price data.

What is the difference between price tracking and MAP monitoring?

Price tracking represents capturing and recording price changes. On the other hand, MAP monitoring doesn't care about the exact change but whether the price has degraded below its minimum advertised.

Summary

In this guide, we explored MAP monitoring. We started by defining what is the minimum advertised price and why it's monitored. Then, we went through a step-by-step tutorial on monitoring MAP violations using Python by:

Scraping product listing pages for their price data
Comparing the product prices with the minimum advertised ones.
Logging products that violate MAP compliance.
Automating the MAP monitoring process as a cron job.

How to Build a Minimum Advertised Price (MAP) Monitoring Tool

What is MAP Monitoring?

Project Setup

Create a MAP Monitoring Tool

Web Scraping Prices

Detecting Outlier Prices

MAP Monitoring Scheuling

Full MAP Monitoring Code

Powering Up With ScrapFly

FAQ

What is the MAP compliance?

How does MAP monitoring work?

What is the difference between price tracking and MAP monitoring?

Summary