What is this article about?

Todolist is a simple task list where you mark everything you need to do and the status of it "Finished / Not Finished".

In this article, you'll learn how to build a to-do list application that allows you to sign in, create and delete a to-do, and add comments to each to-do using React Native and Socket.io.

Why Socket.io?

If you are reading this, you have probably wondered - I can do it with a Restful API. So why do I need to use Socket.io?
We want to make a todo list where the user can create a todo list for other users and let them see the status online without refreshing the page.

Socket.io is a highly performant JavaScript library that allows us to create real-time, bi-directional communication between web browsers and a Node.js server. It follows the WebSocket protocol and provides better functionalities, such as fallback to HTTP long-polling or automatic reconnection, which enables us to build efficient real-time applications.

Novu - the first open-source notification infrastructure

Just a quick background about us. Novu is the first open-source notification infrastructure. We basically help to manage all the product notifications. It can be In-App (the bell icon like you have in Facebook - Websockets), Emails, SMSs and so on.

I would be super happy if you could give us a star! And let me also know in the comments ❤️
https://github.com/novuhq/novu

How to connect React Native to a Socket.io server

Here, you'll learn how to connect the to-do list application to a Socket.io server. In this guide, I’ll be using Expo - a tool that provides an easier way of building React Native applications.

Creating a React Native app with Expo

Expo saves us from the complex configurations required to create a native application with the React Native CLI, making it the easiest and fastest way to build and publish React Native apps.

Ensure you have the Expo CLI, Node.js, and Git installed on your computer. Then, create the project folder and an Expo React Native app by running the code below.



mkdir todolist-app
cd todolist-app
expo init app

Expo allows us to create native applications using the Managed or Bare Workflow. We'll use the blank Managed Workflow in this tutorial.



? Choose a template: › - Use arrow-keys. Return to submit.
    ----- Managed workflow -----
❯   blank               a minimal app as clean as an empty canvas
    blank (TypeScript)  same as blank but with TypeScript configuration
    tabs (TypeScript)   several example screens and tabs using react-navigation and TypeScript
    ----- Bare workflow -----
    minimal             bare and minimal, just the essentials to get you started

Install Socket.io Client API to the React Native app.



cd app
expo install socket.io-client

Create a socket.js file within a utils folder.



mkdir utils
touch socket.js

Then, copy the code below into the socket.js file.



import { io } from "socket.io-client";

const socket = io.connect("http://localhost:4000");
export default socket;

The code snippet above creates a real-time connection to the server hosted at that URL. (We'll set up the server in the upcoming section).

Create a styles.js file within the utils folder and copy the code below into the file. It contains all the styling for the application.



import { StyleSheet } from "react-native";

export const styles = StyleSheet.create({
    screen: {
        flex: 1,
        backgroundColor: "#fff",
        padding: 10,
    },
    header: {
        padding: 10,
        justifyContent: "space-between",
        flexDirection: "row",
        marginBottom: 20,
    },
    heading: {
        fontSize: 24,
        fontWeight: "bold",
    },
    container: {
        padding: 15,
    },
    loginScreen: {
        flex: 1,
    },
    loginContainer: {
        flex: 1,
        padding: 10,
        flexDirection: "column",
        justifyContent: "center",
    },
    textInput: {
        borderWidth: 1,
        width: "100%",
        padding: 12,
        marginBottom: 10,
    },
    loginButton: {
        width: 150,
        backgroundColor: "#0D4C92",
        padding: 15,
    },
    todoContainer: {
        flexDirection: "row",
        justifyContent: "space-between",
        backgroundColor: "#CDF0EA",
        padding: 15,
        borderRadius: 10,
        marginBottom: 10,
    },
    todoTitle: {
        fontWeight: "bold",
        fontSize: 18,
        marginBottom: 8,
    },
    subTitle: {
        opacity: 0.6,
    },
    form: {
        flexDirection: "row",
        marginBottom: 40,
    },
    input: {
        borderWidth: 1,
        padding: 12,
        flex: 1,
        justifyContent: "center",
    },
    modalScreen: {
        backgroundColor: "#fff",
        flex: 1,
        padding: 10,
        alignItems: "center",
    },
    textInput: {
        borderWidth: 1,
        padding: 10,
        width: "95%",
        marginBottom: 15,
    },
    modalButton: {
        backgroundColor: "#0D4C92",
        padding: 10,
    },
    buttonText: {
        fontSize: 18,
        textAlign: "center",
        color: "#fff",
    },
    comment: { marginBottom: 20 },
    message: {
        padding: 15,
        backgroundColor: "#CDF0EA",
        width: "80%",
        borderRadius: 10,
    },
});

Install React Navigation and its dependencies. React Navigation allows us to move from one screen to another within a React Native application.



npm install @react-navigation/native
npx expo install react-native-screens react-native-safe-area-context

Setting up the Node.js server

Here, I will guide you through creating the Socket.io Node.js server for real-time communication.

Create a server folder within the project folder.



cd todolist-app
mkdir server

Navigate into the server folder and create a package.json file.



cd server & npm init -y

Install Express.js, CORS, Nodemon, and Socket.io Server API.



npm install express cors nodemon socket.io

Express is a fast, minimalist framework that provides several features for building web applications in Node.js. CORS is a Node.js package that allows communication between different domains.

Nodemon is a Node.js tool that automatically restarts the server after detecting file changes, and Socket.io allows us to configure a real-time connection on the server.

Create an index.js file - the entry point to the Node.js server.



touch index.js

Set up a simple Node.js server using Express.js. The code snippet below returns a JSON object when you visit the http://localhost:4000/api in your browser.



//👇🏻 index.js
const express = require("express");
const app = express();
const PORT = 4000;

app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
app.use(express.json());

app.get("/api", (req, res) => {
    res.json({
        message: "Hello world",
    });
});

app.listen(PORT, () => {
    console.log(`Server listening on ${PORT}`);
});

Next, add Socket.io to the project to create a real-time connection. Before the app.get() block, copy the code below.



//👇🏻 New imports
.....
const socketIO = require('socket.io')(http, {
    cors: {
        origin: "http://localhost:3000"
    }
});

//👇🏻 Add this before the app.get() block
socketIO.on('connection', (socket) => {
    console.log(`⚡: ${socket.id} user just connected!`);

    socket.on('disconnect', () => {
      socket.disconnect()
      console.log('🔥: A user disconnected');
    });
});

From the code snippet above, the socket.io("connection") function establishes a connection with the React app, creates a unique ID for each socket, and logs the ID to the console whenever you refresh the app.

When you refresh or close the app, the socket fires the disconnect event showing that a user has disconnected from the socket.

Configure Nodemon by adding the start command to the list of scripts in the package.json file. The code snippet below starts the server using Nodemon.



//👇🏻 In server/package.json

"scripts": {
    "test": "echo \\"Error: no test specified\\" && exit 1",
    "start": "nodemon index.js"
  },

You can now run the server with Nodemon by using the command below.



npm start

Building the app user interface

In this section, we'll create the user interface for the to-do list application to enable users to sign in to the application, create and delete to-dos, and add comments to each to-do.

First, let's set up React Navigation.

Create a screens folder within the app folder, and add the Home, Login, and Comments components. Render a "Hello World" text within them.



mkdir screens
cd screens
touch Home.js Login.js Comments.js

Copy the code below into the App.js file within the app folder.



//👇🏻 the app components
import Home from "./screens/Home";
import Comments from "./screens/Comments";
import Login from "./screens/Login";

//👇🏻 React Navigation configurations
import { NavigationContainer } from "@react-navigation/native";
import { createNativeStackNavigator } from "@react-navigation/native-stack";

const Stack = createNativeStackNavigator();

export default function App() {
    return (
        <NavigationContainer>
            <Stack.Navigator>
                <Stack.Screen
                    name='Login'
                    component={Login}
                    options={{ headerShown: false }}
                />
                <Stack.Screen
                    name='Home'
                    component={Home}
                    options={{ headerShown: false }}
                />
                <Stack.Screen name='Comments' component={Comments} />
            </Stack.Navigator>
        </NavigationContainer>
    );
}

The Login screen

Copy the code below into the Login.js file.



import {
    View,
    Text,
    SafeAreaView,
    StyleSheet,
    TextInput,
    Pressable,
} from "react-native";

import React, { useState } from "react";

const Login = ({ navigation }) => {
    const [username, setUsername] = useState("");

    const handleLogin = () => {
        if (username.trim()) {
            console.log({ username });
        } else {
            Alert.alert("Username is required.");
        }
    };

    return (
        <SafeAreaView style={styles.loginScreen}>
            <View style={styles.loginContainer}>
                <Text
                    style={{
                        fontSize: 24,
                        fontWeight: "bold",
                        marginBottom: 15,
                        textAlign: "center",
                    }}
                >
                    Login
                </Text>
                <View style={{ width: "100%" }}>
                    <TextInput
                        style={styles.textInput}
                        value={username}
                        onChangeText={(value) => setUsername(value)}
                    />
                </View>
                <Pressable onPress={handleLogin} style={styles.loginButton}>
                    <View>
                        <Text style={{ color: "#fff", textAlign: "center", fontSize: 16 }}>
                            SIGN IN
                        </Text>
                    </View>
                </Pressable>
            </View>
        </SafeAreaView>
    );
};

export default Login;

The code snippet accepts the username from the user and logs it on the console.

Next, update the code and save the username using Async Storage for easy identification.

Async Storage is a React Native package used to store string data in native applications. It is similar to the local storage on the web and can be used to store tokens and data in string format.

Run the code below to install Async Storage.



expo install @react-native-async-storage/async-storage

Update the handleLogin function to save the username via AsyncStorage.



import AsyncStorage from "@react-native-async-storage/async-storage";

const storeUsername = async () => {
    try {
        await AsyncStorage.setItem("username", username);
        navigation.navigate("Home");
    } catch (e) {
        Alert.alert("Error! While saving username");
    }
};

const handleLogin = () => {
    if (username.trim()) {
        //👇🏻 calls AsyncStorage function
        storeUsername();
    } else {
        Alert.alert("Username is required.");
    }
};

The Home screen

Update the Home.js file to contain the code snippet below:



import { SafeAreaView, Text, StyleSheet, View, FlatList } from "react-native";
import { Ionicons } from "@expo/vector-icons";
import React, { useState } from "react";
import Todo from "./Todo";
import ShowModal from "./ShowModal";

const Home = () => {
    const [visible, setVisible] = useState(false);

//👇🏻 demo to-do lists
    const [data, setData] = useState([
        { _id: "1", title: "Hello World", comments: [] },
        { _id: "2", title: "Hello 2", comments: [] },
    ]);

    return (
        <SafeAreaView style={styles.screen}>
            <View style={styles.header}>
                <Text style={styles.heading}>Todos</Text>
                <Ionicons
                    name='create-outline'
                    size={30}
                    color='black'
                    onPress={() => setVisible(!visible)}
                />
            </View>
            <View style={styles.container}>
                <FlatList
                    data={data}
                    keyExtractor={(item) => item._id}
                    renderItem={({ item }) => <Todo item={item} />}
                />
            </View>
            <ShowModal setVisible={setVisible} visible={visible} />
        </SafeAreaView>
    );
};

export default Home;

From the code snippet above, we imported two components, Todo, and ShowModal as sub-components within the Home component. Next, let's create the Todo and ShowModal components.



touch Todo.js ShowModal.js

Update the Todo.js file to contain the code below. It describes the layout for each to-do.



import { View, Text, StyleSheet } from "react-native";
import { React } from "react";
import { AntDesign } from "@expo/vector-icons";

const Todo = ({ item }) => {
    return (
        <View style={styles.todoContainer}>
            <View>
                <Text style={styles.todoTitle}>{item.title}</Text>
                <Text style={styles.subTitle}>View comments</Text>
            </View>
            <View>
                <AntDesign name='delete' size={24} color='red' />
            </View>
        </View>
    );
};

export default Todo;

Update the ShowModal.js file to contain the code below:



import {
    Modal,
    View,
    Text,
    StyleSheet,
    SafeAreaView,
    TextInput,
    Pressable,
} from "react-native";
import React, { useState } from "react";

const ShowModal = ({ setVisible, visible }) => {
    const [input, setInput] = useState("");

    const handleSubmit = () => {
        if (input.trim()) {
            console.log({ input });
            setVisible(!visible);
        }
    };

    return (
        <Modal
            animationType='slide'
            transparent={true}
            visible={visible}
            onRequestClose={() => {
                Alert.alert("Modal has been closed.");
                setVisible(!visible);
            }}
        >
            <SafeAreaView style={styles.modalScreen}>
                <TextInput
                    style={styles.textInput}
                    value={input}
                    onChangeText={(value) => setInput(value)}
                />

                <Pressable onPress={handleSubmit} style={styles.modalButton}>
                    <View>
                        <Text style={styles.buttonText}>Add Todo</Text>
                    </View>
                </Pressable>
            </SafeAreaView>
        </Modal>
    );
};

export default ShowModal;

The code snippet above represents the modal that pops up when you press the icon for creating a new to-do.

The Comments screen

Copy the code snippet below into the Comments.js file.



import React, { useLayoutEffect, useState } from "react";
import { View, StyleSheet, TextInput, Button, FlatList } from "react-native";
import AsyncStorage from "@react-native-async-storage/async-storage";
import CommentUI from "./CommentUI";

const Comments = ({ navigation, route }) => {
    const [comment, setComment] = useState("");
    const [commentsList, setCommentsList] = useState([
        {
            id: "1",
            title: "Thank you",
            user: "David",
        },
        {
            id: "2",
            title: "All right",
            user: "David",
        },
    ]);
    const [user, setUser] = useState("");

    // fetches the username from AsyncStorage
    const getUsername = async () => {
        try {
            const username = await AsyncStorage.getItem("username");
            if (username !== null) {
                setUser(username);
            }
        } catch (err) {
            console.error(err);
        }
    };

    // runs on page load
    useLayoutEffect(() => {
        getUsername();
    }, []);

    // logs the comment details to the console
    const addComment = () => console.log({ comment, user });

    return (
        <View style={styles.screen}>
            <View style={styles.form}>
                <TextInput
                    style={styles.input}
                    value={comment}
                    onChangeText={(value) => setComment(value)}
                    multiline={true}
                />
                <Button title='Post Comment' onPress={addComment} />
            </View>

            <View>
                <FlatList
                    data={commentsList}
                    keyExtractor={(item) => item.id}
                    renderItem={({ item }) => <CommentUI item={item} />}
                />
            </View>
        </View>
    );
};

export default Comments;

The code snippet above contains a sub-component, CommentUI - which represents the layout for each comment.

Update the CommentUI component as below:



import { View, Text, StyleSheet } from "react-native";
import React from "react";

const CommentUI = ({ item }) => {
    return (
        <View style={styles.comment}>
            <View style={styles.message}>
                <Text style={{ fontSize: 16 }}>{item.title}</Text>
            </View>

            <View>
                <Text>{item.user}</Text>
            </View>
        </View>
    );
};

export default CommentUI;

Sending real-time data via Socket.io

In this section, you'll learn how to send data between the React Native application and a Socket.io server.

How to create a new to-do

Import socket from the socket.js file into the ShowModal.js file.



import socket from "../utils/socket";

Update the handleSubmit function to send the new to-do to the server.



//👇🏻 Within ShowModal.js
const handleSubmit = () => {
    if (input.trim()) {
        //👇🏻 sends the input to the server
        socket.emit("addTodo", input);
        setVisible(!visible);
    }
};

Create a listener to the addTodo event on the server that adds the to-do to an array on the backend.



//👇🏻 array of todos
const todoList = [];

//👇🏻 function that generates a random string as ID
const generateID = () => Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 10);

socketIO.on("connection", (socket) => {
    console.log(`⚡: ${socket.id} user just connected!`);

    //👇🏻 listener to the addTodo event
    socket.on("addTodo", (todo) => {
        //👇🏻 adds the todo to a list of todos
        todoList.unshift({ _id: generateID(), title: todo, comments: [] });
        //👇🏻 sends a new event containing the todos
        socket.emit("todos", todoList);
    });

    socket.on("disconnect", () => {
        socket.disconnect();
        console.log("🔥: A user disconnected");
    });
});

How to display the to-dos

Import socket from the socket.js file into the Home.js file.



import socket from "../utils/socket";

Create an event listener to the to-dos created on the server and render them on the client.



const [data, setData] = useState([]);

useLayoutEffect(() => {
    socket.on("todos", (data) => setData(data));
}, [socket]);

The todos event is triggered only when you create a new to-do. Next, create a route on the server that returns the array of to-dos so you can fetch them via API request within the app.

Update the index.js file on the server to send the to-do list via an API route as below.



app.get("/todos", (req, res) => {
    res.json(todoList);
});

Add the code snippet below to the Home.js file:



//👇🏻 fetch the to-do list on page load
useLayoutEffect(() => {
    function fetchTodos() {
        fetch("http://localhost:4000/todos")
            .then((res) => res.json())
            .then((data) => setData(data))
            .catch((err) => console.error(err));
    }
    fetchTodos();
}, []);

How to delete the to-dos

From the image below, there is a delete icon beside each to-do. When you press the button, the selected todo should be deleted on both the server and within the app.

Navigate to the Todo.js file and import Socket.io.



import socket from "../utils/socket";

Create a function - deleteTodo that accepts the to-do id when you press the delete icon and sends it to the server.



import { View, Text, StyleSheet } from "react-native";
import { React } from "react";
import { AntDesign } from "@expo/vector-icons";
import { useNavigation } from "@react-navigation/native";
import socket from "../utils/socket";

const Todo = ({ item }) => {
    const navigation = useNavigation();

    //👇🏻 deleteTodo function
    const deleteTodo = (id) => socket.emit("deleteTodo", id);

    return (
        <View style={styles.todoContainer}>
            <View>
                <Text style={styles.todoTitle}>{item.title}</Text>
                <Text
                    style={styles.subTitle}
                    onPress={() =>
                        navigation.navigate("Comments", {
                            title: item.title,
                            id: item._id,
                        })
                    }
                >
                    View comments
                </Text>
            </View>
            <View>
                <AntDesign
                    name='delete'
                    size={24}
                    color='red'
                    onPress={() => deleteTodo(item._id)}
                />
            </View>
        </View>
    );
};

export default Todo;

Delete the to-do via its ID.



socket.on("deleteTodo", (id) => {
    let result = todoList.filter((todo) => todo._id !== id);
    todoList = result;
    //👇🏻 sends the new todo list to the app
    socket.emit("todos", todoList);
});

Adding and displaying comments

When you click the View comments text, it navigates to the Comments page - where you can view all the comments related to the to-do.



<Text
    style={styles.subTitle}
    onPress={() =>
        navigation.navigate("Comments", {
            title: item.title,
            id: item._id,
        })
    }
>
    View comments
</Text>

The navigation function accepts the title and id of the selected to-do as parameters; because we want the to-do title at the top of the route and also fetch its comments from the server via its ID.

To achieve this, update the useLayoutEffect hook within the Comments.js file to change the route's title and send the ID to the server.



useLayoutEffect(() => {
    //👇🏻 update the screen's title
    navigation.setOptions({
        title: route.params.title,
    });
    //👇🏻 sends the todo's id to the server
    socket.emit("retrieveComments", route.params.id);

    getUsername();
}, []);

Listen to the retrieveComments event and return the to-do's comments.



socket.on("retrieveComments", (id) => {
    let result = todoList.filter((todo) => todo._id === id);
    socket.emit("displayComments", result[0].comments);
});

Add another useLayoutEffect hook within the Comments.js file that updates the comments when it is retrieved from the server.



useLayoutEffect(() => {
    socket.on("displayComments", (data) => setCommentsList(data));
}, [socket]);

To create new comments, update the addComment function by sending the comment details to the server.



const addComment = () =>{
    socket.emit("addComment", { comment, todo_id: route.params.id, user });
}

Create the event listener on the server and add the comment to the list of comments.



socket.on("addComment", (data) => {
    //👇🏻 Filters the todo list
    let result = todoList.filter((todo) => todo._id === data.todo_id);
    //👇🏻 Adds the comment to the list of comments
    result[0].comments.unshift({
        id: generateID(),
        title: data.comment,
        user: data.user,
    });
    //👇🏻 Triggers this event to update the comments on the UI
    socket.emit("displayComments", result[0].comments);
});

Congratulations!🥂 You’ve completed the project for this tutorial.

Conclusion

So far, you've learnt how to set up Socket.io in a React Native and Node.js application, save data with Async Storage, and communicate between a server and the Expo app via Socket.io.

This project is a demo of what you can build using React Native and Socket.io. Feel free to improve the project by using an authentication library and a database that supports real-time storage.

The source code for this application is available here: https://github.com/novuhq/blog/tree/main/build-todolist-with-reactnative

Thank you for reading!

Help me out!

If you feel like this article helped you understand WebSockets better! I would be super happy if you could give us a star! And let me also know in the comments ❤️
https://github.com/novuhq/novu