When talking about technology in the context of software and especially web and internet applications, it is safe to say that Application Programming Interfaces, commonly known as APIs, are one of the most essential tools that enable developers to build useful and functional applications because they allow things that would be otherwise impossible become possible.

In this part of the series, you will learn about JavaScript, the web, APIs, and how they help you build with much more functionality than you would have been able to. You will also explore what JavaScript Web APIs are and how they differ from the traditional APIs you're already familiar with.

Note: If you are already familiar with the basics of JavaScript, how the web works, and what APIs are, You might want to skip to the next part of the series to start exploring JavaScript Web APIs and what they are capable of.

So first, let's explore how the web works in the next section.

Web

The World Wide Web has become an integral part of our daily lives, connecting people and information across the globe. Behind the scenes, the web operates on a complex system of technologies and protocols that enable the creation, delivery, and consumption of web content. In the context of software development, understanding how the web works is crucial for building efficient, scalable, and secure applications.

At the core of the web lies the client-server model, where clients, usually web browsers or mobile apps, request resources from servers. When a user enters a URL in their browser, it initiates an HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) request to the appropriate server. The server processes the request and sends back a response containing the requested data, typically in HTML, JSON, XML, or other file formats.

Next, let's see what JavaScript is in the next section.

JavaScript

JavaScript is a versatile programming language created by Brendan Eich in 1995. It enables developers to add interactivity and dynamic behavior to web applications. It runs directly in the browser, allowing developers to manipulate web page elements, respond to user actions, and fetch data from servers asynchronously.

It facilitates the creation of interactive forms, animations, and complex user interfaces. With the advent of frameworks like React, Angular, Vue.js, and many others, JavaScript has evolved into a robust ecosystem that powers sophisticated web applications.

Over the years, JavaScript has grown beyond the scope of just web browsers with the advent of tools like NodeJS for server-side development, React Native for mobile apps, Electron for desktop apps, BrainJs for machine learning, CylonJS for IOT, and so much more.

These tools enable JavaScript developers to build different software applications without the need to learn other programming languages, thus making them more powerful and versatile in the tech ecosystem.

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) enable data exchange and functionality between different software systems. APIs define rules and protocols for how different software components interact and share resources. With architectural standards such as Representational State Transfer (REST) or GraphQL, APIs provide standardized methods for accessing and manipulating data over the web.

APIs are crucial for building distributed systems, enabling software developers to leverage external functionality and integrate their applications with third-party services.

Now that you know how the web works, what JavaScript is, and what APIs do, let's explore JavaScript Web APIs, how they work, and how they differ from regular APIs in the next section.

JavaScript Web APIs

JavaScript Web APIs are a collection of functions and protocols that enable JavaScript to interact with web browsers and other web services.

As mentioned earlier, APIs define rules and protocols for how software applications interact; JavaScript Web APIs, on the other hand, define the standard for how certain things are done in the JavaScript ecosystem. You can think of them as enhancements to the capabilities of JavaScript.

How JavaScript Web APIs Work

JavaScript Web APIs are a set of functions that give you access to certain parts and functionality of the browser, smartphone, or any other client that supports the API so that you can enhance the functionalities of your website or app without the need to learn another language or even installing another dependency into your application codebase.

While a lot of the JavaScript Web APIs are ready to use and supported by major web browsers and smartphones, some of them are still in "Experimental" mode; this means you need to specifically check if the platforms you're building for support it before using it, to avoid wasting development time.

Types of JavaScript Web APIs

There are different types of JavaScript Web APIs, and they all help developers build different features and functionalities; in fact, there are over a hundred of them.

That said, you can use them alone or combine multiple to create something unique for your applications—more on how to do that in the following parts of the series.

Now that you understand that there are a lot of JavaScript Web APIs let's take a look at them briefly in different categories in the following sections.

Audio and Video APIs

The Audio and Video category of JavaScript Web APIs provides functionality for handling multimedia content. This includes APIs for playing audio and video files, capturing audio and video from devices, and manipulating media streams.

These APIs can be used to create interactive media players, video conferencing applications, audio recording tools, and much more.

Background and Synchronization APIs

The Background and Synchronization category includes APIs that allow JavaScript applications to perform tasks in the background and synchronize data across different devices or browser instances.

These APIs enable developers to build features such as background data synchronization, push notifications, periodic background tasks, and offline data caching.

Device and Sensor APIs

This category of APIs provides access to various device-specific functionalities and sensor data. It includes APIs for accessing information about the user's device, such as battery status, network connectivity, geolocation, and orientation.

These APIs enable developers to create location-based services, augmented reality applications, device-specific optimizations, and more.

Document Object Model (DOM) Manipulation APIs

DOM Manipulation APIs allow JavaScript to interact with the HTML document structure, its elements, and its styles and attributes.

These APIs enable developers to dynamically modify the content and appearance of web pages, handle user interactions, and create responsive and interactive web applications.

File and Storage APIs

The File and Storage category provides APIs for working with files and data storage on the client side. It includes APIs for reading and writing files, accessing local file systems, managing client-side databases, and storing data using key-value pairs or structured storage.

These APIs are useful for building applications that require local data persistence, file management, or offline functionality.

Input and Events APIs

The Input and Events category covers user input and event-handling APIs. These APIs allow developers to capture and respond to user interactions, such as mouse clicks, keyboard inputs, touch gestures, and other events.

They also include APIs for handling input from various devices, such as game controllers or stylus pens.

Networking and Communication APIs

Networking and Communication APIs help facilitate communication between web applications and remote servers.

These APIs enable sending HTTP requests, fetching and manipulating data from remote sources, establishing WebSocket connections for real-time communication, and implementing server-side communication protocols such as WebRTC.

They are fundamental for building web applications that interact with backend services or provide real-time collaboration features.

Performance and Optimization APIs

The Performance and Optimization category includes APIs that help developers optimize the performance of their web applications.

These APIs provide tools for measuring and analyzing performance metrics, optimizing rendering and layout, managing memory and resources, and improving overall application speed and responsiveness.

Security and Privacy APIs

Security and Privacy APIs offer mechanisms to protect user data and enhance web application security.

They include APIs for handling user authentication and authorization, securing network communications using encryption and certificates, managing browser permissions, and preventing common security vulnerabilities like cross-site scripting (XSS) or cross-site request forgery (CSRF).

User Interface and Presentation APIs

The User Interface and Presentation category encompasses APIs for creating and managing user interfaces, including graphical elements and visual effects.

These APIs allow developers to dynamically manipulate styles and layouts, animate page elements, create custom UI components, and implement responsive design patterns. They are vital for creating visually appealing and interactive web applications.

Conclusion

And that's it! I hope this article achieved its aim of showing you that much more is possible with JavaScript beyond the regular stuff you already use it for. You also explore the different categories of JavaScript Web APIs and what they can help you build.

In the following parts of the series, we will explore all the JavaScript Web APIs under each category, what they can do, how to use them, and much more. Thanks again for reading, and don't forget to follow me here on Dev and Twitter. See you in the next one!