Blogging about tech is fun. Having your own blog allows you to help others, polish your skills, and maybe get you a job.

Blogging on other sites such as Medium, Dev.To, etc can be really fun. Obviously I do it, you're reading it on Dev.TO. But having your OWN site to manage your content is important as well. This gives you the freedom to do things exactly as you want, and build your personal brand.

If you follow this tutorial, you can have your own statically hosted blog for $5 a month. All you need is a domain name.

Creating a New Machine

We'll start by creating a virtual machine (droplet) at Digital Ocean.

Click "Create" and select "droplet".

I'm choosing FreeBSD for this, and if you decide to choose Linux, the instructions are pretty similar.

Choose the $5 per month option:

If this is a new blog, it will be plenty of power. Select the datacenter region that's closest to you.

For authentication, I use ssh. This just means you'll need to generate keys on your machine and upload the keys to Digital Ocean. But it's a far more secure option for communicating with your machine.

Note: Here's a good tutorial on How to generate ssh keys in Windows, Linux, or Mac.

Add in your SSH keys, and you're ready to go.

Creating DNS Entries

You'll need to create some DNS entries. I use Route53 for DNS, but you can use Digital Ocean for DNS into your droplet as well.

Just make sure your domain is mapped to the IP address of your droplet/server.

Logging Into Your System

Now let's log into the droplet. Since I'm using FreeBSD, I'm going to update it.

freebsd-update fetch install

Next we'll install Git and Nginx.

pkg install git
pkg install nginx

Then we'll run rehash, so the commands are available.

rehash

Adding Firewall Rules

You'll want to set up a few rules for your firewall.

Use the following commands to make changes to your sysrc:

sysrc nginx_enable="YES"
sysrc firewall_enable="YES"
sysrc firewall_type="workstation"
sysrc firewall_myservices="22/tcp 80/tcp 443/tcp"
sysrc firewall_allowservices="any"

Then start up the firewall.

sudo nohup service ipfw start >&/tmp/ipfw.log

Start up Nginx:

sudo service nginx start

Should see this:

Now Nginx is up and running on your machine through an HTTP connection.

Setting up Your Development Machine

We will use Hugo for static site generation. Depending on your development machine environment, the installation is a little different, so rather than repeat the install instructions for each platform (Windows/Mac/Linux/BSD) just follow the instructions here:

You'll need to install Golang on your system.

Then Install Hugo

Make sure Git is installed on this machine as well.

Creating a New Hugo Website

Now, let's create a new website. Mine is called "sillyblog" so I run the following command:

hugo new site sillyblog

Hugo does not give you a default theme with your blog, so you will need to find a theme that you like.

Then you just git clone your theme into the /themes folder within the folder you just created.

I'm using the "Hugo Dusk" theme so it looks like this:

cd sillyblog/themes
git clone https://github.com/gyorb/hugo-dusk.git

Now, I need to add the theme to my config.toml file. This will depend on the name of the theme you install. Most of the time, it's the same name as the .git file.

echo 'theme = "hugo-dusk"' >> config.toml

Now let's create our first post:

hugo new posts/my-first-post.md

Note the file name makes the URL. So my URL will be

domain.com/posts/my-first-post/

This is important to keep in mind for SEO purposes.

Open up the file content/helloworld.md

It will look like this:

---
title: "Helloworld"
date: 2020-02-29T00:24:30-08:00
draft: true
---

Here you can edit your first post.

You want to change draft: true to draft: false when you're ready to publish.

hugo serve

Cool, now we have a blog running on our local machine.

You can cancel out of the service, and to generate a new site, just type in

hugo

Your website will be generated and sitting in the "public" folder.

Setting up Deployment

create github repository

go back to the /public directory of your blog (for me it's "sillyblog")

Initialize the repository.

git init

Then, do your first commit.

git commit -m "first commit"

You will need to add the remote origin of your blog on github. For me, I named it "simpleblog" but your name will be different.

git remote add origin https://github.com/JeremyMorgan/simpleblog.git

Then push the files up to Github. (Note you can remove the Github step if you want and push it directly to the server).

git push -u origin master

Now you should see your files pushed up to your Github repo.

Setting up Our Server

Now we need to set up our server. Make a folder for the new site, and replace "example.com" with the name of your website.

mkdir -p /usr/local/www/example.com/html

Make sure and change the ownership of the directory to www for Nginx.

sudo chown -R www:www /usr/local/www/example.com

Now you can clone your site directly into that folder. (This is what you'll do every time you publish.)

git clone https://github.com/JeremyMorgan/simpleblog.git /usr/local/www/example.com/html/

Finally, You'll need to edit your nginx.conf so that your domain name will be directed to that folder.

vi /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

And add in the following: (replace my domain name with yours)

server {
    access_log /var/log/nginx/sillyblog.jeremymorgan.com.access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/sillyblog.jeremymorgan.com.error.log;
    listen  80;
    server_name sillyblog.jeremymorgan.com;

    location / {
        root /usr/local/www/sillyblog.jeremymorgan.com/html;
        index index.html index.htm;
    }
    }
}

This will likely be somewhere towards the bottom of the file:

Now save the file and reload Nginx:

service nginx reload

And Viola! Our site is up!!

But it's HTTP on port 80. Can't have that.

Installing Let's Encrypt for SSL

We'll install a certificate with Let's Encrypt. One of the cool things about Let's Encrypt is the cert is free (though you should donate), and certbot will pretty much do all the configuration for you.

You need to install certbot:

pkg install py37-certbot-dns-digitalocean
pkg install py37-certbot-nginx

Then, run it with the --nginx flag:

certbot certonly --nginx

It will ask you some questions:

Then it will automatically make modifications to your Nginx conf:

And finally, the site is up, with https!!

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we:

• Set up a Digital Ocean VM
• Installed Nginx
• Installed Hugo on our local machine
• Created a new site with Hugo
• Used Git to push it to our new server.

This workflow can vary, but this is enough to get started. In this workflow, we build artifacts on a local machine and use Git to store the artifacts and move them to the server. Another (better) alternative for you might be to store the entire Hugo folder in a git repo, and then commit that to the server and build your artifacts after that.

I didn't want to load up this tutorial too much, but in future tutorials, we'll set something like that up, and set up some CI/CD tweaks to it.

If you set this up, let me know! I'm always looking for feedback on my tutorials.