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In this post I will show you what the rest and spread operators are.

Rest operator (aka Rest parameters)

The rest parameter (...variable) is used to select an infinite number of arguments and convert them to an array.

// put three dots behind a variable to make it a rest parameter
function sum(...numbers) {

  // `numbers` is an array of all the arguments
  // It is similar to the `arguments` property

  // The array is a real array, not an array-like
  // So you can use any array functions
  return numbers.reduce((previous, current) => {
    return previous + current;
  });
}

sum(1, 2, 3);
// Here the numbers property will be equal to [1, 2, 3]

In plain english, the rest argument converts all comma separated arguments (1, 2, 3) and adds brackets to the sides ([1, 2, 3])

You can also add more arguments in functions which use rest parameters.

function map(mapFunc, ...args) {
  return args.map(mapFunc)
}

map(thing => thing*2, 1, 2, 3)
// Here mapFunc is `thing => thing*2`, and args is [1, 2, 3]

Just note that only the last argument can be a rest parameter.

foo(...a, ...b)
// Where to stop a and where to start b?

foo(...args, a, b)
// Where to start a?
// You may say this should be allowed and I think the same but it's not allowed.

foo(arg1, arg2, ...correct)
// OK

Spread operator (aka Spread syntax)

Think of this as the opposite of the rest operator

function sum(x, y, z) {
  return x+y+z;
}

let numbers = [1, 2, 3];

// We can't just sum(numbers) because numbers is an array
// So we `spread` the arguments (remove the brackets by putting three dots `...` behind the array) so [1, 2, 3] => 1, 2, 3

sum(...numbers)

In plain english, the spread syntax takes an array (1, 2, 3) and adds brackets to the sides ([1, 2, 3])

This operator is really useful if you want to merge two arrays

let arr1 = [1, 2, 3]
let arr2 = [4, 5, 6]

let arr1AndArr2 = [...arr1, ...arr2] 
// => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

And did you know that the spread syntax can also be used for objects?

let obj1 = { 1: "one", 2: "two" }
let obj2 = { 3: "three", 4: "four" }

let obj1AndObj2 = { ...obj1, ...obj2 }
// => { 1: "one", 2: "two", 3: "three", 4: "four" }

That's it! You learned what the spread and rest operators are.

Understanding the Rest and Spread operators

Rest operator (aka Rest parameters)

Spread operator (aka Spread syntax)