When you create a custom focus style, you want to think about four things:

1. Adding an outline
2. Creating animations that contain movement
3. Changing the background color
4. Changing the text color

I wrote more about this in my article on designing focus. During my research, I found three kinds of focus style I liked.

1. The one on Smashing Magazine
2. The one on WTF Forms
3. The one on Slack

Today, I want to show you how to create these focus styles and use them effortlessly across your website.

Creating the focus for Smashing Magazine

Smashing Magazine uses a large dotted outline for focus. To create this focus style, you set the outline property to 3px dotted.

*:focus {
  outline: 3px dotted #761b15;
}

See the Pen Focus style Smashing Mag (default) by Zell Liew (@zellwk) on CodePen.

If you want to change the color of the outline, you can change the outline-color property.

.red-background *:focus {
  outline-color: white;
}

See the Pen Focus style Smashing Mag (changing outline colors) by Zell Liew (@zellwk) on CodePen.

Alternatively, you can use CSS Variables.

:root {
  --outline-color: #761b15;
}

*:focus {
  outline: 3px dotted var(--outline-color);
}

.red-background {
  --outline-color: white;
}

See the Pen Focus style Smashing Mag (with CSS Variables) by Zell Liew (@zellwk) on CodePen.

Creating focus styles for WTF Forms

The focus style for WTF forms contains two parts:

1. A white border
2. A blue border

This style can be created with box-shadow. The idea is you create two shadows:

1. The first shadow with the background's color
2. The second shadow with the focus's color

*:focus {
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.075rem #fff, 0 0 0 0.2rem #0069d4;
}

If you want to change the focus color, you need to rewrite the entire box-shadow.

.blue-background *:focus {
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.075rem #0069d4, 0 0 0 0.2rem #fff;
}

Note: WTF Forms does not have styles for links and buttons. Only form elements. It doesn't have styles for a darker background either. I created this demo according to what I thought looks okay.

See the Pen WTF Forms focus style by Zell Liew (@zellwk) on CodePen.

There's an easier way. If you used CSS variables, you only need to switch the colors.

:root {
  --focus-inner-color: #fff;
  --focus-outer-color: #0069d4;
}

*:focus {
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.075rem var(--focus-inner-color), 0 0 0 0.2rem var(--focus-outer-color);
}

.blue-background {
  --focus-inner-color: #0069d4;
  --focus-outer-color: #fff;
}

See the Pen WTF Forms focus style (with CSS Variables) by Zell Liew (@zellwk) on CodePen.

Creating focus styles for Slack

The focus style on Slack contains two parts:

1. A dark blue outline
2. A light-blue border

This focus style can be created with the same technique as WTF Forms.

*:focus {
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px hsla(210, 52%, 42%, 1), 0 0 0 0.6rem hsla(200, 72%, 83%, 0.75);
}

The CSS Variables trick works wonders if you need to change colors.

:root {
  --focus-inner-color: hsla(210, 52%, 42%, 1);
  --focus-outer-color: hsla(200, 72%, 83%, 0.75);
}

*:focus {
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--focus-inner-color), 0 0 0 0.6rem var(--focus-outer-color);
}

.dark {
  --focus-inner-color: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0.75);
  --focus-outer-color: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0.25);
}

See the Pen Slack Forms focus style (with CSS Variables) by Zell Liew (@zellwk) on CodePen.

If you use this technique on elements with borders, you might want to remove the borders. It's not pretty to see two stacking borders.

button:focus {
  border-color: transparent;
}

See the Pen Slack Forms focus style (improved border) by Zell Liew (@zellwk) on CodePen.

Combined demo

I combined the different methods onto one demo for you to play with. Here it is:

See the Pen Focus style by Zell Liew (@zellwk) on CodePen.

Thanks for reading. This article was originally posted on my blog. Sign up for my newsletter if you want more articles to help you become a better frontend developer.