Undoing with Git

At this point, you already know Git is like a save point system. What you've done so far is to learn to save. But how do you undo, and go back to a previous state?

That's what we're going to cover

Local vs Remote

It's more complicated to undo something that's already on the remote. This is why you want to keep things on your local until they're kind of confirmed.

Four common scenarios

1. Discarding local changes
2. Amending the previous commit
3. Rolling back to a previous commit
4. Reverting a commit that has been pushed to the remote

Scenario 1: Discarding local changes

The first scenario is when you've created some changes. They're not committed yet. And you want to delete these changes.

Let's say we want to create a new feature. We're going to add some HTML and CSS into the project:

<!--In index.html-->
<div class="feature"></div>

/* In CSS file */
.feature {
  font-size: 2em; 
  /* Other styles */
}

To discard these changes:

1. Go to the staging area
2. Select the files where you want to discard changes
3. Right click on the files
4. Select discard changes

Scenario 2: Amending the previous commit

When you have created a commit and you missed out some changes. You want to add these changes in the previous commit message.

You can:

1. Go to the staging area
2. Stage the files to commit
3. Click on the amend checkbox
4. Edit your commit message
5. Commit

Scenario 3: Rolling back to a previous commit

You already have a few commits in your local repository. You decide that you don't want these commits anymore. You want to "load" your files from a previous state.

You can:

1. Go into the Git History
2. Right click the commit you want to roll back to
3. Select reset branch to here

Note: You can only reset to a commit that hasn't been pushed into the remote.

Scenario 4: Reverting a commit that has been pushed to the remote

If you have a commit that has been pushed into the remote branch, you need to revert it.

Reverting means undoing the changes by creating a new commit. If you added a line, this revert commit will remove the line. If you removed a line, this revert commit will add the line back.

To revert, you can:

1. Go to the Git history
2. Right click on the commit you want to revert
3. Select revert commit
4. Make sure commit the changes is checked.
5. Click revert

Other scenarios

Github has a useful article that shows you how to undo almost everything with Git. It will be helpful if you face other scenarios. Read it here.

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