Chart of the Week: Creating a WPF Chart Dashboard to Visualize the 2023 World Billionaires List

Jollen Moyani - Mar 21 - - Dev Community

TLDR: Learn to create a chart dashboard to visualize the world’s top billionaires’ data using the user-friendly and highly customizable features of the Syncfusion WPF Charts.

Welcome to the latest installment of our Chart of the Week series!

In today’s session, we’ll guide you through crafting a comprehensive chart dashboard using the Syncfusion WPF Charts control. Our focus is on visualizing the 2023 billionaires list, providing the top five industries they work in and their countries of origin.

Our dashboard will feature three chart types:

  • Scatter chart: Provides a snapshot of each billionaire’s name, net worth, age, and country of origin.
  • Bar chart: Highlights the top five industries billionaires made their money in and the number of billionaires in those industries.
  • Doughnut chart: This shows the top five countries with the most billionaires in 2023.

The following is the chart we will construct. Visualizing billionaires data using WPF Chart controls

So, without further ado, let’s start building!

Step 1: Collecting data

First, gather data from the 2023 billionaires list. Using this data, prepare a CSV file in Excel and save it in .csv format. Gather the top 5 billionaire industries and the top 5 countries with the most billionaire citizens’ data from 2023 Forbes articles.

Step 2: Organizing data for the chart

Create a Model class that includes properties for storing information about the billionaires’ names, net worths, countries, ages, and industry names, as well as the number of billionaires and their countries.

Refer to the following code example.

 public class Model
 {
     public string BillionaireName { get; set; }
     public double BillionaireNetWorth { get; set; } 
     public string BillionaireCountry { get; set; }  
     public double BillionaireAge { get; set; }
     public string Category { get; set; }
     public string Country { get; set; }
     public double CategoryBillionaireCount { get; set; }
     public double CountryBillionaireCount { get; set; }

     public Model(string category, double categoryBillionaireCount, string country, double countryBillionaireCount)
     {
         Category = category;
         CategoryBillionaireCount = categoryBillionaireCount;
         Country = country;
         CountryBillionaireCount = countryBillionaireCount;
     }

     public Model(string name,double networth,double age,string country)
     {
         BillionaireName = name;
         BillionaireNetWorth = networth;
         BillionaireAge = age;
         BillionaireCountry = country;

     } 
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Next, generate the Billionaires collection using the ViewModel class and its BillionairesList observable collection property. Assign the CSV data to the BillionairesList data collection using the ReadCSVFile method, which stores it in the BillionairesList property.

Refer to the following code example.

public class ViewModel
 {
     // Stores 2023 billionaires’ data.
     ObservableCollection<Model> billionairesList;
     public ObservableCollection<Model> BillionairesList
     {
         get { return billionairesList; }
         set { billionairesList = value; }
     }

     // Stores the top 5 industries and countries for billionaires data.
     public ObservableCollection<Model> BillionaryCategoryandCountry { get; set; }

     public ViewModel()
     {
         BillionairesList = new ObservableCollection<Model>();
         //Reads the CSV file and stores the data in the BillionairesList.
         ReadCSVFile();

         BillionaryCategoryandCountry = new ObservableCollection<Model>()
         {
             new Model("Finance & Investments",372,"US",735),
             new Model("Manufacturing",324,"China",495),
             new Model("Technology",313,"India",169),
             new Model("Fashion & Retail",266,"Germany",126),
             new Model("Food & Beverage",212,"Russia",105),
         };
     }

     private void ReadCSVFile()
     {
         Assembly executingAssembly = typeof(App).GetTypeInfo().Assembly;
         Stream inputStream = executingAssembly.GetManifestResourceStream("ChartDashboardUI.Resource.dataset.csv");
         string line;
         ObservableCollection<string> lines = new ObservableCollection<string>();
         if(inputStream != null)
         {
             using StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(inputStream);
             while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null)
             {
                 lines.Add(line);
             }
             lines.RemoveAt(0);
             foreach (var items in lines)
             {
                string[] data = items.Split(',');
                double networth = Convert.ToDouble(data[2]);
                double age = Convert.ToDouble(data[3]);
                 BillionairesList.Add(new Model(data[1], networth,age, data[4]));      
             }
         }
     }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Step 3: Layout definition

Let’s define the layout using a Grid to place our elements.

<Grid Background="Black" >
 <Grid.RowDefinitions>
  <RowDefinition Height="20"/>
  <RowDefinition Height="50"/>
  <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
  <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
 </Grid.RowDefinitions>
 <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
  <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/>
  <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/>
 </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
…
</Grid>
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Step 4: Configuring the Syncfusion WPF Charts control

Let’s configure the Syncfusion WPF Charts control using this documentation.

<!-- ######## World's billionaires list 2023 ########-->
 <chart:SfChart >
  <chart:SfChart.PrimaryAxis>
   <chart:CategoryAxis />
  </chart:SfChart.PrimaryAxis>
  <chart:SfChart.SecondaryAxis>
   <chart:NumericalAxis /> 
  </chart:SfChart.SecondaryAxis>
 </chart:SfChart>

<!--######## Top 5 billionaires categories industries chart ########-->
 <chart:SfChart>
  <chart:SfChart.PrimaryAxis>
   <chart:CategoryAxis />
  </chart:SfChart.PrimaryAxis>
  <chart:SfChart.SecondaryAxis>
   <chart:NumericalAxis />
  </chart:SfChart.SecondaryAxis>
 </chart:SfChart>

<!--######## Top 5 billionaires countries chart ########-->
 <chart:SfChart >
 </chart:SfChart>
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Step 5: Binding data to the chart

Now, we’ll use Syncfusion series instances to visualize the chart dashboard.

In this blog, we use a scatter series to showcase the 2023 billionaires list, binding the billionaire’s age and net worth to XBindingPath and YBindingPath, respectively. We set the billionaire list collection to the ItemSource.

In the bar series, which showcases the top 5 industries for billionaires, we bind the XBindingPath and YbindingPath to industry names and the number of billionaires.

For the doughnut series, illustrating the top 5 countries for billionaires, we bind the country names and their numbers of billionaires to XBindingPath and YBindingPath , respectively.

Refer to this code example.

<Window.DataContext>
 <local:ViewModel x:Name="viewModel"/>
</Window.DataContext>

<!-- ######## World's billionaires list 2023 ########-->
<chart:SfChart >
 …
 <chart:ScatterSeries ItemsSource="{Binding BillionairesList}"
                      XBindingPath="BillionaireAge"
                      YBindingPath="BillionaireNetWorth"/>
</chart:SfChart>

<!--######## Top 5 billionaires categories industries chart ########-->
<chart:SfChart >
  …
 <chart:BarSeries ItemsSource="{Binding BillionaryCategoryandCountry}" 
                  XBindingPath="Category"
                  YBindingPath="CategoryBillionaireCount" />
</chart:SfChart>

<!--######## Top 5 billionaires country countries chart ########-->
<chart:SfChart>
 …
 <chart:DoughnutSeries ItemsSource="{Binding BillionaryCategoryandCountry}" 
                       XBindingPath="Country"
                       YBindingPath="CountryBillionaireCount"/>
</chart:SfChart>
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Step 6: Customizing the chart appearance

Let’s enhance the visual appeal of the chart dashboard and its elements by adjusting various properties and styles.

Customizing the title

Let’s customize the chart title.

<!-- ######## World's billionaires list 2023 ########-->
<TextBlock Grid.Row="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
            Text="World's Billionaires List 2023"
            FontSize="30"
            Foreground="#ffbf00"
            HorizontalAlignment="Center"
            VerticalAlignment="Center"
            Margin="0,5,0,0"/>

<!--######## Top 5 billionaires categories industries chart ########-->
<chart:SfChart Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="0" Margin="10,0,0,0">
 <chart:SfChart.Header>
  <TextBlock Text="Top 5 Categories Industries ofwith Billionaires Count"
             Foreground="White"
             FontSize="20"/>
 </chart:SfChart.Header>  
</chart:SfChart>

<!--######## Top 5 billionaires country countries chart ########-->
<chart:SfChart Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Margin="10,0,0,0">
 <chart:DoughnutSeries>
  <chart:DoughnutSeries.CenterView>
   <ContentControl>
    <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical">
     <TextBlock FontSize="18" Text="Top 5" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,0,5,0" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Foreground="White"/>
     <TextBlock FontSize="18" Text="Countries with" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,0,0,8" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Foreground="White"/>
     <TextBlock FontSize="18" Text="Billionaires" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,0,0,8" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Foreground="White"/>
    </StackPanel>
   </ContentControl>
  </chart:DoughnutSeries.CenterView>  
 </chart:DoughnutSeries>
</chart:SfChart>
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Customizing the chart axis

Let’s customize the primary and secondary axes using the HeaderStyle and LabelStyle properties.

Refer to the code example.

<!-- ######## World's billionaires list 2023 ########-->
 <chart:SfChart Grid.Row="2" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Margin="10,10,0,0">
  <chart:SfChart.PrimaryAxis>
   <chart:NumericalAxis Header="Age" FontSize="14" TickLineSize="0" ShowGridLines="False" PlotOffset="10">
    <chart:NumericalAxis.LabelStyle>
     <chart:LabelStyle Foreground="#fff2cc"/>
    </chart:NumericalAxis.LabelStyle>
    <chart:NumericalAxis.HeaderStyle>
     <chart:LabelStyle Foreground="#fff2cc"/>
    </chart:NumericalAxis.HeaderStyle>
   </chart:NumericalAxis>
  </chart:SfChart.PrimaryAxis>    
  <chart:SfChart.SecondaryAxis>
   <chart:NumericalAxis Header="Net Worth (in billions)" FontSize="14"
                        ShowGridLines="False"
                        LabelRotationAngle="-45">
    <chart:NumericalAxis.LabelStyle>
     <chart:LabelStyle Foreground="#fff2cc"/>
    </chart:NumericalAxis.LabelStyle>
    <chart:NumericalAxis.HeaderStyle>
     <chart:LabelStyle Foreground="#fff2cc"/>
    </chart:NumericalAxis.HeaderStyle>
   </chart:NumericalAxis>
  </chart:SfChart.SecondaryAxis>
 </chart:SfChart>

<!--######## Top 5 billionaires categories industries chart ########-->
 <chart:SfChart Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="0" Margin="10,10,0,0">
  <chart:SfChart.Resources>
   <Style TargetType="Line" x:Key="axisLineStyle">
    <Setter Property="Stroke" Value="Black" />
   </Style>
  </chart:SfChart.Resources>

  <chart:SfChart.PrimaryAxis>
   <chart:CategoryAxis FontSize="14"
                       AxisLineStyle="{StaticResource axisLineStyle}"
                       ShowGridLines="False">
    <chart:CategoryAxis.LabelStyle>
     <chart:LabelStyle Foreground="#fff2cc"/>
    </chart:CategoryAxis.LabelStyle>
   </chart:CategoryAxis>
  </chart:SfChart.PrimaryAxis>
  <chart:SfChart.SecondaryAxis>
   <chart:NumericalAxis ShowGridLines="False"
                        AxisLineStyle="{StaticResource axisLineStyle}"
                        TickLineSize="0">
   </chart:NumericalAxis>
  </chart:SfChart.SecondaryAxis>
 </chart:SfChart>
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Customizing the series and data label appearance

We’ll customize the color of the series using the Interior and ColorModel properties.

To customize the data labels, create a data template using the country name and number of billionaires and bind it to the LabelTemplate property.

Refer to the following code example.

<!-- ######## World's billionaires list 2023 ########-->
 <chart:SfChart Grid.Row="2" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Margin="10,10,0,0">
  <chart:ScatterSeries ItemsSource="{Binding BillionairesList}"
                       XBindingPath="BillionaireAge"
                       YBindingPath="BillionaireNetWorth"
                       ScatterHeight="10" ScatterWidth="10" 
                       Palette="SandyBeach"/>
 </chart:SfChart>

<!--######## Top 5 billionaires categories industries chart ########-->
 <chart:SfChart Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="0" Margin="10,10,0,0">
  <chart:BarSeries ItemsSource="{Binding BillionaryCategoryandCountry}" XBindingPath="Category"              
                   YBindingPath="CategoryNetWorth"
                   SortDirection="Ascending" SortBy="Y"
                   IsSortData="True"
                   Interior="#ffbf00">
   <chart:BarSeries.AdornmentsInfo>
    <chart:ChartAdornmentInfo ShowLabel="True" UseSeriesPalette="False" 
                              LabelPosition="Inner" >
    </chart:ChartAdornmentInfo>
   </chart:BarSeries.AdornmentsInfo>
  </chart:BarSeries>
 </chart:SfChart>

<!--######## Top 5 billionaires countries chart ########-->
 <chart:SfChart Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Margin="10,0,0,0">
<!--Customize data labels-->
 <chart:SfChart.Resources>
  <DataTemplate x:Key="dataLabelTemplate">
   <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Item.Country}" Foreground="#fff2cc" FontSize="14"/>
    <TextBlock Text=“: " Foreground="#fff2cc" FontSize="14"/>
    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Item.CountryBillionaireCount}" Foreground="#fff2cc" FontSize="14"/>
   </StackPanel>
  </DataTemplate>
 </chart:SfChart.Resources>
 <chart:DoughnutSeries XBindingPath="Country"
                       ItemsSource="{Binding BillionaryCategoryandCountry}" 
                       YBindingPath="CountryBillionaireCount"
                       LabelPosition="OutsideExtended"
                       Palette="Custom">
  <chart:DoughnutSeries.AdornmentsInfo>
   <chart:ChartAdornmentInfo ShowConnectorLine="True" 
                             ShowLabel="True" 
                             SegmentLabelContent="LabelContentPath"
                             LabelTemplate="{StaticResource dataLabelTemplate}"/>
   </chart:DoughnutSeries.AdornmentsInfo>
   <chart:DoughnutSeries.ColorModel>
    <chart:ChartColorModel>
     <chart:ChartColorModel.CustomBrushes>
      <SolidColorBrush Color=" #b38f00"/>
      <SolidColorBrush Color="#e6b800"/>
      <SolidColorBrush Color="#ffd11a"/>
      <SolidColorBrush Color="#ffe066"/>
      <SolidColorBrush Color="#ffeb99"/>
     </chart:ChartColorModel.CustomBrushes>
    </chart:ChartColorModel>
   </chart:DoughnutSeries.ColorModel>
  </chart:DoughnutSeries>
 </chart:SfChart>
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Customizing the chart trackball appearance

Customize the series trackball appearance by using the TrackBallLabelTemplate property. Create a data template using the billionaires’ ages [ValueX] and net worths [ValueY] and then bind this template to the series using the LabelTemplate property.

<!-- ######## World's billionaires list 2023 ########-->
 <chart:SfChart Grid.Row="2" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Margin="10,0,0,0">
  <chart:SfChart.Resources>
   <DataTemplate x:Key="trackballLabelTemplate">
    <Border CornerRadius="5" 
            BorderThickness="1" 
            Background=" #fff2cc" Margin="8">
     <StackPanel>
      <TextBlock Foreground="Black" FontWeight="Bold" Text="{Binding ValueX}"/>
      <TextBlock Foreground="Black" Text="{Binding ValueY, StringFormat={}${0}B}"/>
     </StackPanel>
    </Border>
   </DataTemplate>
  </chart:SfChart.Resources>
  <chart:ScatterSeries ItemsSource="{Binding BillionairesList}"
                       XBindingPath="BillionaireAge"
                       YBindingPath="BillionaireNetWorth"
                       TrackBallLabelTemplate="{StaticResource trackballLabelTemplate}"/>
 </chart:SfChart>
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Customizing the chart using annotations

We can utilize TextAnnotation instances to provide additional context within a specific chart area, enabling precise positioning of text based on pixel values. To position the annotations accurately, set the CoordinateUnit property to Pixels and specify the pixel values in the X1 and Y1 properties of the Annotation object.

Refer to the following code example.

<!-- ######## World's billionaires list 2023 ########-->
 <chart:SfChart Grid.Row="2" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Margin="10,0,0,0"> 
…
  <chart:SfChart.Annotations>
   <chart:TextAnnotation Text="The world's billionaires are ranked based on " FontSize="15" Foreground="White" CoordinateUnit="Pixel" X1="700" Y1="30"/>
<chart:TextAnnotation Text="their net worth. Here, the ages and net worths of " FontSize="15" Foreground="White" CoordinateUnit="Pixel" X1="700" Y1="50" Margin="0,5,0,0"/>
   <chart:TextAnnotation Text="billionaires in 2023 are listed." Foreground="White" FontSize="15" CoordinateUnit="Pixel" X1="700" Y1="70"/>
  </chart:SfChart.Annotations>
 </chart:SfChart>
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Step 7: Adding interactivity support

We’ll enable interaction with the trackball feature and use PositionChanged events to retrieve the cursor’s data points dynamically. Then, we’ll bind these data points to a text block for real-time display.

Refer to the following code example.

XAML

<Border BorderBrush="#fff2cc" BorderThickness="1" Grid.Row="1" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Margin="50,20,0,0">
 <Grid>
…
  <TextBlock Text="Name" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" FontSize="15" FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="White" Margin="0,5,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
  <TextBlock Text="NetWorth" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" FontSize="15" FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="White" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,5,0,0" />
  <TextBlock Text="Age" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="2" FontSize="15" FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="White" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,5,0,0" />
  <TextBlock Text="Country" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="3" FontSize="15" FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="White" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,5,0,0" />
  <TextBlock x:Name="billionaryName" Text="{Binding BillionairesList[0].BillionaireName}" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="22" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Foreground="White" HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
  <TextBlock x:Name="netWorth" Text="{Binding BillionairesList[0].BillionaireNetWorth, StringFormat={}${0}B}" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="22" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Foreground="White" HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
  <TextBlock x:Name="age" Text="{Binding BillionairesList[0].BillionaireAge}" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="2" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="22" Foreground="White" HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
  <TextBlock x:Name="country" Text="{Binding BillionairesList[0].BillionaireCountry}" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="22" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="3" Foreground="White" HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
 </Grid>
</Border>
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

C#

private void ChartTrackBallBehavior_PositionChanged(object sender, Syncfusion.UI.Xaml.Charts.PositionChangedEventArgs e)
 {
            var currentDetails = e.CurrentPointInfos;

            foreach (var item in currentDetails)
            {
                var XValue = item.ValueX;

                var billionaire = viewModel.BillionairesList.FirstOrDefault(x => x.BillionaireAge.ToString() == XValue);
                if (billionaire != null)
                {
                    billionaryName.Text = billionaire.BillionaireName;
                    netWorth.Text = string.Format("${0}B", billionaire.BillionaireNetWorth);
                    age.Text = billionaire.BillionaireAge.ToString();
                    country.Text = billionaire.BillionaireCountry;
                }
            }
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

After executing the previous code examples, we’ll get an output like the following image. Visualizing World's Billionaires data using WPF Chart controls

GitHub reference

For more information, refer to the project on Github.

Conclusion

Thanks for reading! We’ve delved into utilizing Syncfusion WPF Charts to create a chart dashboard for visualizing billionaires, the top industries for them, and their countries in 2023. We encourage you to follow these steps and share your thoughts on the experience in the comment section below.

If you require assistance, please don’t hesitate to contact us via our support forum, support portal, or feedback portal. We are always happy to help you!

Related blogs

Image
Transform Your Bathroom into a Spa with Saleberate Shower Mats
Image
Why You Should Focus On Making Improvements In Houston Asbestos Attorney
Image
Usul Masuk Taruhan di Agen Judi Online Indonesia
Image
Upgrade Your Website with an AI Assistant for Enhanced Productivity

ai, chatgpt, voicebot, voiceui
Image
Are You Responsible For The Repair Bifold Door Bottom Pivot Budget? 10 Very Bad Ways To Invest Your Money
Image
What's The Reason Everyone Is Talking About Asbestos Claims Average Payout This Moment
Image
Understanding Data Science Algorithms: A Beginner’s Guide
Image
ᐅ Top 15 isolatiebedrijven in Amersfoort in gids 2024 !
Image
apa untungnya spesifikasi menu dalam slots online?
Image
10 Myths Your Boss Has About Cheap Couches UK
Image
10 best software development collaboration tools in 2025.

webdev, tooling, productivity, devops
Image
HTTP Method Override

webdev, go
Image
tanda-tanda - ciri-ciri situs slots online yang aman serta nyaman
Image
10 Websites To Help You Become An Expert In How To Install A Ghost Immobiliser
Image
بهترین سایت های شرط بندی
Image
interior design for salon and spa

spainterior, spadesigns, unisexspa, unisexspaideas
Image
Five Things Everybody Gets Wrong Regarding ADHD Medications For Adults
Image
Kubernetes Resource Quotas and Limit Ranges with Namespaces
Image
Why You Should Give A Chance To Digital Media Marketing

webdev, career, development, softwaredevelopment
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .